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The International Glossary on Infertility and Fertility Care, 2017

TL;DR: A consensus-based and evidence-driven set of 283 terminologies used in infertility and fertility care was generated to harmonize communication among health professionals and scientists as well as the lay public, patients and policy makers.
About: This article is published in Fertility and Sterility.The article was published on 2017-09-01 and is currently open access. It has received 730 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Glossary & Reproductive technology.
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The chance of becoming spontaneously pregnant declines with the duration before conception, and the three major factors influencing the spontaneous probability of conception are the time of unwanted non-conception, the age of the female partner and the disease-related infertility.

914 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: This document is intended to help clarify the role of EIM ESHRE, the EIM-ICMART alliance, and its role in the development of e-commerce in the Republic of Ireland.
Abstract: Унификация медицинских терминов является глобальным процессом и играет важную роль в обеспечении должного уровня коммуникации как в лечебной, научной и просветительской деятельности, так и в принятии общественно важных решений в области охраны здоровья населения. Начиная с 1995 г., Россия в лице Российской ассоциации репродукции человека (РАРЧ) принимает активное участие в международных проектах, представляет ежегодные отчеты по применению вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий (ВРТ) в европейский и всемирный регистры (EIM ESHRE и ICMART). Общепризнанным регламентирующим документом в отношении терминов, используемых в репродуктивной медицине, является «Международный словарь терминов и определений в лечении и профилактике бесплодия»1 (далее Глоссарий) [1]. Выпуск 1-го и 2-го изданий Глоссария осуществлялся под патронажем ВОЗ и при участии российских представителей (проф. Б.В. Леонов, 2006; проф. В.С. Корсак, 2009). В 2011 г. опубликован одобренный ВОЗ перевод второго издания [2]2. В 2017 г. вышло 3-е дополненное и переработанное издание, подготовленное Международным комитетом по мониторингу вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий (The International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies — ICMART) и одобренное авторитетными международными профессиональными организациями3. Эти обстоятельства делают необходимым использование в отечественной практике терминов Глоссария, принятых в результате достижения консенсуса по спорным положениям между представителями разных стран и профессиональных сообществ. Терминология, используемая в настоящее время в отечественной медицинской практике, формировалась на основе русскоязычных переводов латинских и иностранных терминов. В отношении ряда процессов возникли собственные варианты названий, некоторые из них имеют отличия в смысловом наполнении при сравнении с Глоссарием. В связи с этим в предлагаемую таблицу терминов, кроме английского оригинала и перевода на русский язык, дополнительно введен раздел «Примечания», в котором даны соответствующие разъяснения. Глоссарий не содержит встречающихся в зарубежной литературе и используемых в практике терминов: «reccurrent implantation failure, repeated implantation failure» (повторные неудачные имплантации); по отношению к терминам «ovarian puncture, oocyte pickup, oocyte retrieval, follicle aspiration» предпочтительнее — «oocyte aspiration» (пункция фолликулов яичника). Из 283 терминов Глоссария для настоящих клинических рекомендаций выбрано и переведено 90, имеющих отношение к ВРТ и искусственной инсеминации (ИИ) (табл. 1).

435 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A continuing expansion of both treatment numbers in Europe and more variability in treatment modalities resulting in a rising contribution to the birth rates in most participating countries is shown.
Abstract: Study question: What are the European trends and developments in ART and IUI in 2014 as compared to previous years? Summary answer: The 18th ESHRE report on ART shows a continuing expansion of both treatment numbers in Europe and more variability in treatment modalities resulting in a rising contribution to the birth rates in most participating countries. What is known already: Since 1997, ART data generated by national registries have been collected, analysed by the European IVF-monitoring (EIM) Consortium and reported in 17 manuscripts published in Human Reproduction. Study design, size, duration: Continuous collection of European data by the EIM for ESHRE. The data for treatments performed in 2014 between 1 January and 31 December in 39 European countries were provided by national registries or on a voluntary basis by clinics or professional societies. Participants/materials, setting, methods: From 39 countries and 1279 institutions offering ART services, a total of 776 556 treatment cycles, involving 146 148 with IVF, 362 285 with ICSI, 192 027 with frozen embryo replacement (FER), 15 894 with PGT, 56 516 with egg donation (ED), 292 with IVM and 3404 with frozen oocyte replacement (FOR) were reported. European data on IUI using husband/partner's semen (IUI-H) and donor semen (IUI-D) were reported from 1364 institutions offering IUI in 26 countries and 21 countries, respectively. A total of 120 789 treatments with IUI-H and 49 163 treatments with IUI-D were included. Main results and the role of chance: In 14 countries (17 in 2013), where all institutions contributed to their respective national registers, a total of 291 235 treatment cycles were performed in a population of ~208 million inhabitants, corresponding to 1925 cycles per million inhabitants (range: 423-2978 per million inhabitants). After treatment with IVF the clinical pregnancy rates (PR) per aspiration and per transfer were marginally higher in 2014 than in 2013, at 29.9 and 35.8% versus 29.6 and 34.5%, respectively. After treatment with ICSI the PR per aspiration and per transfer were also higher than those achieved in 2013 (28.4 and 35.0% versus 27.8 and 32.9%, respectively). After FER with own embryos the PR continued to rise, from 27.0% in 2013 to 27.6% in 2014. After ED a similar trend was observed with PR reaching 50.3% per fresh transfer (49.8% in 2013) and 48.7% for FOR (46.4% in 2013). The delivery rates (DR) after IUI remained stable at 8.5% after IUI-H (8.6% in 2013) and at 11.6% after IUI-D (11.1% in 2013). In IVF and ICSI together, 1, 2, 3 and ≥4 embryos were transferred in 34.9, 54.5, 9.9 and in 0.7% of all treatments, respectively (corresponding to 31.4%, 56.3, 11.5% and 1% in 2013). This evolution in embryo transfer strategy in both IVF and ICSI resulted in a singleton, twin and triplet DR of 82.5, 17.0 and 0.5%, respectively (compared to 82.0, 17.5 and 0.5%, respectively, in 2013). Treatments with FER in 2014 resulted in a twin and triplet DR of 12.4 and 0.3%, respectively (versus 12.5 and 0.3% in 2013). Twin and triplet DR after IUI were 9.5 and 0.3%, respectively, after IUI-H (in 2013:9.5 and 0.6%) and 7.7 and 0.3% after IUI-D (in 2013: 7.5 and 0.3%). Limitation, reasons for caution: The method of data collection and reporting varies among European countries. The EIM receives aggregated data from various countries with variable levels of completeness. Registries from a number of countries have failed to provide adequate data about the number of initiated cycles and deliveries. As long as incomplete data are provided, the results should be interpreted with caution. Wider implications of the findings: The 18th ESHRE report on ART shows a continuing expansion of treatment numbers in Europe. The number of treatments reported, the variability in treatment modalities and the rising contribution to the birth rates in most participating countries point towards the increasing impact of ART on reproduction in Europe. Being the largest data collection on ART, the report gives detailed information about ongoing developments in the field. Study funding/competing interest(s): The study has no external funding and all costs are covered by ESHRE. There are no competing interests.

409 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Risks for short- and long-term health in ART singletons are summarized and if the increased health risks are associated with intrinsic maternal or paternal factors related to subfertility or to the ART treatments per se is discussed.
Abstract: Worldwide, more than 7 million children have now been born after ART: these delivery rates are steadily rising and now comprise 2-6% of births in the European countries. To achieve higher pregnancy rates, the transfer of two or more embryos was previously the gold standard in ART. However, recently the practise has moved towards a single embryo transfer policy to avoid multiple births. The positive consequences of the declining multiple birth rates after ART are decreasing perinatal risks and overall improved health for the ART progeny. In this review we summarize the risks for short- and long-term health in ART singletons and discuss if the increased health risks are associated with intrinsic maternal or paternal factors related to subfertility or to the ART treatments per se. Although the risks are modest, singletons born after ART are more likely to have adverse perinatal outcomes compared to spontaneously conceived (SC) singletons dependent on the ART method. Fresh embryo transfer is associated with a higher risk of small for gestational age babies (SGA), low birthweight and preterm birth (PTB), while frozen embryo transfer is associated with large-for-gestational age babies and pre-eclampsia. ICSI may be associated with a higher risk of birth defects and transferral of the poor semen quality to male progeny, while oocyte donation is associated with increased risk of SGA and pre-eclampsia. Concerning long-term health risks, the current evidence is limited but suggests an increased risk of altered blood pressure and cardiovascular function in ART children. The data that are available for malignancies seem reassuring, while results on neurodevelopmental health are more equivocal with a possible association between ART and cerebral palsy. The laboratory techniques used in ART may also play a role, as different embryo culture media give rise to different birthweights and growth patterns in children, while culture to blastocyst stage is associated with PTB. In addition, children born after ART have altered epigenetic profiles, and these alterations may be one of the key areas to explore to improve our understanding of adverse child outcomes after ART. A major challenge for research into adverse perinatal outcomes is the difficulty in separating the contribution of infertility per se from the ART treatment (i.e. 'the chicken or the egg'?). Choosing and having access to the appropriate control groups for the ART children in order to eliminate the influence of subfertility per se (thereby exploring the pure association between ART and child outcomes) is in itself challenging. However, studies including children of subfertile couples or of couples treated with milder fertility treatments, such as IUI, as controls show that perinatal risks in these cohorts are lower than for ART children but still higher than for SC indicating that both subfertility and ART influence the future outcome. Sibling studies, where a mother gave birth to both an ART and a SC child, support this theory as ART singletons had slightly poorer outcomes. The conclusion we can reach from the well designed studies aimed at disentangling the influence on child health of parental and ART factors is that both the chicken and the egg matter.

238 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Ashok Agarwal1, Neel Parekh1, Manesh Kumar Panner Selvam1, Ralf Henkel2, Ralf Henkel1, Rupin Shah3, Sheryl T. Homa4, Ranjith Ramasamy5, Edmund Y. Ko6, Kelton Tremellen7, Sandro C. Esteves8, Sandro C. Esteves9, Ahmad Majzoub10, Ahmad Majzoub1, Juan G. Alvarez11, David K. Gardner12, Channa N. Jayasena13, Channa N. Jayasena14, Jonathan Ramsay14, Chak-Lam Cho15, Ramadan A Saleh16, Denny Sakkas, James M. Hotaling17, Scott Lundy1, Sarah C. Vij1, Joel L. Marmar18, Jaime Gosálvez19, Edmund Sabanegh1, Hyun Jun Park20, Armand Zini21, Parviz Kavoussi, Sava Micic, Ryan P. Smith22, Gian Maria Busetto23, Mustafa Emre Bakircioglu, Gerhard Haidl24, Giancarlo Balercia, Nicolás Garrido Puchalt, Moncef Ben-Khalifa, Nicholas N. Tadros25, Jackson Kirkman-Browne26, Sergey I. Moskovtsev27, Xuefeng Huang28, Edson Borges, Daniel R. Franken29, Natan Bar-Chama30, Yoshiharu Morimoto, Kazuhisa Tomita, Vasan Satya Srini, Willem Ombelet31, Elisabetta Baldi32, Monica Muratori32, Yasushi Yumura33, Sandro La Vignera34, Raghavender Kosgi, Marlon Martinez35, Donald P. Evenson, Daniel Suslik Zylbersztejn, Matheus Roque, Marcello Cocuzza36, Marcelo Vieira37, Assaf Ben-Meir38, Raoul Orvieto39, Raoul Orvieto40, Eliahu Levitas41, Amir Wiser42, Amir Wiser39, Mohamed Arafa10, Vineet Malhotra, Sijo Parekattil43, Haitham Elbardisi10, Luiz Carvalho, Rima Dada44, Christophe Sifer, Pankaj Talwar45, Ahmet Gudeloglu46, Ahmed M A Mahmoud, Khaled Terras, Chadi Yazbeck, Bojanic Nebojsa47, Damayanthi Durairajanayagam48, Ajina Mounir49, Linda G. Kahn50, Saradha Baskaran1, Rishma Pai3, Donatella Paoli23, Kristian Leisegang2, Mohamed Reza Moein, Sonia Malik, Önder Yaman, Luna Samanta51, Fouad Bayane, Sunil Jindal, Muammer Kendirci, Barış Altay52, Dragoljub Perovic, Avi Harlev41 
TL;DR: Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) can be a useful clinical biomarker for the classification of MOSI, as it takes into account the levels of both oxidants and reductants (antioxidants) and may provide a more targeted, reliable approach for administering antioxidant therapy while minimizing the risk of antioxidant overdose.
Abstract: Despite advances in the field of male reproductive health, idiopathic male infertility, in which a man has altered semen characteristics without an identifiable cause and there is no female factor infertility, remains a challenging condition to diagnose and manage. Increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress (OS) plays an independent role in the etiology of male infertility, with 30% to 80% of infertile men having elevated seminal reactive oxygen species levels. OS can negatively affect fertility via a number of pathways, including interference with capacitation and possible damage to sperm membrane and DNA, which may impair the sperm's potential to fertilize an egg and develop into a healthy embryo. Adequate evaluation of male reproductive potential should therefore include an assessment of sperm OS. We propose the term Male Oxidative Stress Infertility, or MOSI, as a novel descriptor for infertile men with abnormal semen characteristics and OS, including many patients who were previously classified as having idiopathic male infertility. Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) can be a useful clinical biomarker for the classification of MOSI, as it takes into account the levels of both oxidants and reductants (antioxidants). Current treatment protocols for OS, including the use of antioxidants, are not evidence-based and have the potential for complications and increased healthcare-related expenditures. Utilizing an easy, reproducible, and cost-effective test to measure ORP may provide a more targeted, reliable approach for administering antioxidant therapy while minimizing the risk of antioxidant overdose. With the increasing awareness and understanding of MOSI as a distinct male infertility diagnosis, future research endeavors can facilitate the development of evidence-based treatments that target its underlying cause.

229 citations


Cites background from "The International Glossary on Infer..."

  • ...The International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ICMART) defines infertility as the inability to conceive after 1 year of regular, unprotected intercourse [6,7]....

    [...]

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This glossary will contribute to a more standardized communication among professionals responsible for ART practice, as well as those responsible for national, regional, and international registries.

1,442 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This glossary will contribute to a more standardized communication among professionals responsible for ART practice, as well as those responsible for national, regional and international registries.
Abstract: Background Many definitions used in medically assisted reproduction (MAR) vary in different settings, making it difficult to standardize and compare procedures in different countries and regions. With the expansion of infertility interventions worldwide, including lower resource settings, the importance and value of a common nomenclature is critical. The objective is to develop an internationally accepted and continually updated set of definitions, which would be utilized to standardize and harmonize international data collection, and to assist in monitoring the availability, efficacy, and safety of assisted reproductive technology (ART) being practiced worldwide. Method Seventy-two clinicians, basic scientists, epidemiologists and social scientists gathered together at the WHO headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland in December, 2008. Several months in advance, three working groups were established which were responsible for terminology in three specific areas: clinical conditions and procedures, laboratory procedures and outcome measures. Each group reviewed the existing ICMART glossary, made recommendations for revisions and introduced new terms to be considered for glossary expansion. Results A consensus was reached on 87 terms, expanding the original glossary by 34 terms, which included definitions for numerous clinical and laboratory procedures. Special emphasis was placed in describing outcome measures such as cumulative delivery rates and other markers of safety and efficacy in ART. Conclusions Standardized terminology should assist in analysis of worldwide trends in MAR interventions and in the comparison of ART outcomes across countries and regions. This glossary will contribute to a more standardized communication among professionals responsible for ART practice, as well as those responsible for national, regional and international registries.

958 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: This document is intended to help clarify the role of EIM ESHRE, the EIM-ICMART alliance, and its role in the development of e-commerce in the Republic of Ireland.
Abstract: Унификация медицинских терминов является глобальным процессом и играет важную роль в обеспечении должного уровня коммуникации как в лечебной, научной и просветительской деятельности, так и в принятии общественно важных решений в области охраны здоровья населения. Начиная с 1995 г., Россия в лице Российской ассоциации репродукции человека (РАРЧ) принимает активное участие в международных проектах, представляет ежегодные отчеты по применению вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий (ВРТ) в европейский и всемирный регистры (EIM ESHRE и ICMART). Общепризнанным регламентирующим документом в отношении терминов, используемых в репродуктивной медицине, является «Международный словарь терминов и определений в лечении и профилактике бесплодия»1 (далее Глоссарий) [1]. Выпуск 1-го и 2-го изданий Глоссария осуществлялся под патронажем ВОЗ и при участии российских представителей (проф. Б.В. Леонов, 2006; проф. В.С. Корсак, 2009). В 2011 г. опубликован одобренный ВОЗ перевод второго издания [2]2. В 2017 г. вышло 3-е дополненное и переработанное издание, подготовленное Международным комитетом по мониторингу вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий (The International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies — ICMART) и одобренное авторитетными международными профессиональными организациями3. Эти обстоятельства делают необходимым использование в отечественной практике терминов Глоссария, принятых в результате достижения консенсуса по спорным положениям между представителями разных стран и профессиональных сообществ. Терминология, используемая в настоящее время в отечественной медицинской практике, формировалась на основе русскоязычных переводов латинских и иностранных терминов. В отношении ряда процессов возникли собственные варианты названий, некоторые из них имеют отличия в смысловом наполнении при сравнении с Глоссарием. В связи с этим в предлагаемую таблицу терминов, кроме английского оригинала и перевода на русский язык, дополнительно введен раздел «Примечания», в котором даны соответствующие разъяснения. Глоссарий не содержит встречающихся в зарубежной литературе и используемых в практике терминов: «reccurrent implantation failure, repeated implantation failure» (повторные неудачные имплантации); по отношению к терминам «ovarian puncture, oocyte pickup, oocyte retrieval, follicle aspiration» предпочтительнее — «oocyte aspiration» (пункция фолликулов яичника). Из 283 терминов Глоссария для настоящих клинических рекомендаций выбрано и переведено 90, имеющих отношение к ВРТ и искусственной инсеминации (ИИ) (табл. 1).

435 citations

01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: It is necessary to select patients suitable for microsurgery and in-vitro fertilisation on the basis of prior history, once they have shown signs of tubal disease and the prognosis is poor for others.
Abstract: 15. 14. Ogedengbe OK, Giwa-Osagie OF, Ogunyemi O. Implications of pattern of tubal disease for microsurgery and in-vitro fertilisation in Lagos. Journal of the National Medical Association , 1987, 79:510–512.

322 citations


"The International Glossary on Infer..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...This document resulted from an ICMART initiative, presented and documented within the meeting report entitled Medical, Ethical and Social Aspects of Assisted Reproduction and published by the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2002 (Vayena et al., 2002)....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is proposed to track the change in quality that these guidelines may produce in published trials testing infertility treatment to increase the transparency of benefits and risks of infertility treatments to provide better medical care to affected individuals and couples.
Abstract: Clinical trials testing infertility treatments often do not report on the major outcomes of interest to patients and clinicians and the public (such as live birth) nor on the harms, including maternal risks during pregnancy and fetal anomalies. This is complicated by the multiple participants in infertility trials which may include a woman (mother), a man (father), and result in a third individual if successful, their offspring (child), who is also the desired outcome of treatment. The primary outcome of interest and many adverse events occur after cessation of infertility treatment and during pregnancy and the puerperium, which create a unique burden of follow-up for clinical trial investigators and participants. In 2013, because of the inconsistencies in trial reporting and the unique aspects of infertility trials not adequately addressed by existing Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statements, we convened a consensus conference in Harbin, China, with the aim of planning modifications to the CONSORT checklist to improve the quality of reporting of clinical trials testing infertility treatment. The consensus group recommended that the preferred primary outcome of all infertility trials is live birth (defined as any delivery of a live infant ≥20 weeks gestations) or cumulative live birth, defined as the live birth per women over a defined time period (or number of treatment cycles). In addition, harms to all participants should be systematically collected and reported, including during the intervention, any resulting pregnancy, and during the neonatal period. Routine information should be collected and reported on both male and female participants in the trial. We propose to track the change in quality that these guidelines may produce in published trials testing infertility treatments. Our ultimate goal is to increase the transparency of benefits and risks of infertility treatments to provide better medical care to affected individuals and couples.

105 citations