The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields (Chinese Translation)
01 Jan 2008-
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that rational actors make their organizations increasingly similar as they try to change them, and describe three isomorphic processes-coercive, mimetic, and normative.
Abstract: What makes organizations so similar? We contend that the engine of rationalization and bureaucratization has moved from the competitive marketplace to the state and the professions. Once a set of organizations emerges as a field, a paradox arises: rational actors make their organizations increasingly similar as they try to change them. We describe three isomorphic processes-coercive, mimetic, and normative—leading to this outcome. We then specify hypotheses about the impact of resource centralization and dependency, goal ambiguity and technical uncertainty, and professionalization and structuration on isomorphic change. Finally, we suggest implications for theories of organizations and social change.
Citations
More filters
Book•
01 Jan 2007TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a list of tables, lists of figures, acknowledgements, and acknowledgements for dedications, acknowledgments, and lists of tables and figures.
Abstract: ............................................................................................................. ii Dedication ......................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgments .............................................................................................. v Vita................................................................................................................... vii List of Tables...................................................................................................... x List of Figures ................................................................................................. xiii Chapters:
10 citations
DOI•
01 Jul 2020TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the impacts of external and internal organizational factors of the privatization process on management accounting practices and the impact of these changes on the financial performance of listed companies on Tehran Stock Exchange that more than 51% of the shares have been transferred to the private sector.
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of external and internal organizational factors of the privatization process on management accounting practices and the impact of these changes on the financial performance of listed companies on Tehran Stock Exchange that more than 51% of the companies' shares have been transferred to the private sector. This research, based on institutional and structural theories, provides an exhaustive explanation of changes in management accounting practices by considering the conflict of the internal and external factors and the role of the human factor in the privatization process. In this study, according to the general policies of Article 44 of the Constitution, to increase competitive advantage, management accounting has been used as a mediating variable in the relationship between privatization and financial performance. To this research, 60 companies which their ownership transferred to the private sector during the period from 2002 to 2018 were investigated. To collect data, questionnaire survey and companies financial statements were adopted and to test the hypothesis Structural equation An investigating of the impacts of external and internal organizational 19 modeling using Smart PLS software. The findings of the study show that external and internal organizational factors in the privatization process, have a significant impact on the management accounting practices that these changes effects on the financial performance of companies. The result is that in the privatization process, the external and internal organizational factors and contradiction of the incompatibility of these factors with the human factor provide the conditions for changes in management accounting practices that effect on the financial performance of companies. The results of the current study could be useful for the effectiveness of management accounting changes and their impact on the financial performance of companies in the merger and acquisition processes in developing countries.
10 citations
Dissertation•
07 Jun 2016
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine dans le contexte des industries creatives, en particulier celui des agences de communication, a relation creativite-organisation avec une mise en exergue de l'influence des actions creatives sur l'organisation.
Abstract: Ce travail porte sur l'exploration de la nature de la relation creativite-organisation. Dans les travaux anterieurs portant sur la creativite dans les organisations, nous constatons la dominance de l’approche deterministe, dans le sens ou les chercheurs se focalisaient sur l’influence des facteurs organisationnels sur les actions creatives. Dans la presente recherche, nous examinons la relation creativite-organisation avec une mise en exergue de l’influence des actions creatives sur l’organisation. Ainsi, nous soulignons la pertinence de la perspective structurelle de l’etude de la creativite.Afin de generer de la connaissance sur la nature de cette relation, nous l’avons examine dans le contexte des industries creatives, en particulier celui des agences de communication. La pertinence de ce contexte se justifie par la place centrale de la creativite dans les activites de ces dernieres. En adoptant une approche qualitative, nous avons realise une etude de cas multiples dans huit agences de communication. Ainsi, nous avons etudie la gestion des projets de creation au sein de ces agences.Les resultats de la recherche appuient d’une part les travaux anterieurs plaidant pour l'influence des facteurs de l'environnement du travail sur la creativite. D’autre part, ils montrent que, dans le sens contraire, la creativite influence et change le contexte organisationnel.Ce qui nous porte a croire qu'il faut examiner davantage les mecanismes sous-jacents mobilises par la creativite menant a introduire des changements organisationnels ainsi que le contexte qui favorise ces mecanismes.
10 citations
DOI•
01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: This article reviewed existing literature on risk and internationalisation published in peer-reviewed journals, focusing on the role and impact of risk in firm internationalisation and how firms coped with perceived risks in the internationalisation process, in order to increase involvement in foreign markets.
Abstract: Risk is a pivotal construct in international business. However, to date, research on risk and internationalisation has not been systematically reviewed. The current article addresses this gap, by reviewing existing literature on risk and internationalisation published in peer-reviewed journals. A thematic analysis was performed in order to group existing studies into research streams. Three themes or streams of research were identified. The first theme revolved around the role and impact of risk in firm internationalisation. The second theme focused on how risk, including decision-makers subjective assessment of risk, influence strategic decision-making and internationalisation patterns. Finally, the third theme focused on how firms coped with perceived risks in the internationalisation process, in order to increase involvement in foreign markets. Building upon this review, promising avenues for future research were suggested. These include examining how decisionmakers identify and understand risk in relation to internationalisation and the factors interacting to influence managers' subjective assessment of risk associated with internationalisation, the ways in which SMEs deal with risks associated with internationalisation, and the conditions under which internationalisation is likely to reduce risk and vice versa.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that the economic principles of Islam can provide a better alternative to the free-market system, where the purpose and interest of the state and individual citizen overlap and are complimentary to each other.
Abstract: The global financial crisis that unfolded since the end of 2006 has shaken the very foundation of the Western free-market economic system. Its fundamental regulatory principle of the separation of state and market is now seriously discredited. The objective of this article is to argue that the economic principles of Islam can provide a better alternative to the free-market system. Firstly, an Islamic economic system is highly integrative where the purpose and interest of the state and the individual citizen overlap and are complimentary to each other. So, market and state are rather inseperable in Islamic political economy. Secondly, the free-market system is fundamentally oriented to the philosophy of unlimited consumption, that is – greatest number produces greatest happiness, which demands production and appropriation of resources beyond needs. But the Islamic economic philosophy puts restrictions on unnecessary consumption, thereby capping competition over resources. These two essential principles in Islamic political economy are highly interdependent on state and individual agency of a human being. Therefore, once the economic needs and purpose of the state and the individual citizen are properly enmeshed, it produces a balanced market system. Islamic political economy has moral regimes and instrumental structure for economic behavior that reinforce each other.
10 citations
References
More filters
TL;DR: This article synthesize the large but diverse literature on organizational legitimacy, highlighting similarities and disparities among the leading strategic and institutional approaches, and identify three primary forms of legitimacy: pragmatic, based on audience self-interest; moral, based upon normative approval; and cognitive, according to comprehensibility and taken-for-grantedness.
Abstract: This article synthesizes the large but diverse literature on organizational legitimacy, highlighting similarities and disparities among the leading strategic and institutional approaches. The analysis identifies three primary forms of legitimacy: pragmatic, based on audience self-interest; moral, based on normative approval: and cognitive, based on comprehensibility and taken-for-grantedness. The article then examines strategies for gaining, maintaining, and repairing legitimacy of each type, suggesting both the promises and the pitfalls of such instrumental manipulations.
13,229 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a theory of stakeholder identification and saliency based on stakeholders possessing one or more of three relationship attributes (power, legitimacy, and urgency) is proposed, and a typology of stakeholders, propositions concerning their saliency to managers of the firm, and research and management implications.
Abstract: Stakeholder theory has been a popular heuristic for describing the management environment for years, but it has not attained full theoretical status. Our aim in this article is to contribute to a theory of stakeholder identification and salience based on stakeholders possessing one or more of three relationship attributes: power, legitimacy, and urgency. By combining these attributes, we generate a typology of stakeholders, propositions concerning their salience to managers of the firm, and research and management implications.
10,630 citations
TL;DR: The authors applied the convergent insights of institutional and resource dependence perspectives to the prediction of strategic responses to institutional processes, and proposed a typology of strategies that vary in active organizational resistance from passive conformity to proactive manipulation.
Abstract: This article applies the convergent insights of institutional and resource dependence perspectives to the prediction of strategic responses to institutional processes. The article offers a typology of strategic responses that vary in active organizational resistance from passive conformity to proactive manipulation. Ten institutional factors are hypothesized to predict the occurrence of the alternative proposed strategies and the degree of organizational conformity or resistance to institutional pressures.
7,595 citations
TL;DR: This article conducted a meta-analysis of 52 studies and found that corporate virtue in the form of social responsibility and, to a lesser extent, environmental responsibility is likely to pay off, although the operationalizations of CSP and CFP also moderate the positive association.
Abstract: Most theorizing on the relationship between corporate social/environmental performance (CSP) and corporate financial performance (CFP) assumes that the current evidence is too fractured or too variable to draw any generalizable conclusions. With this integrative, quantitative study, we intend to show that the mainstream claim that we have little generalizable knowledge about CSP and CFP is built on shaky grounds. Providing a methodologically more rigorous review than previous efforts, we conduct a meta-analysis of 52 studies (which represent the population of prior quantitative inquiry) yielding a total sample size of 33,878 observations. The meta-analytic findings suggest that corporate virtue in the form of social responsibility and, to a lesser extent, environmental responsibility is likely to pay off, although the operationalizations of CSP and CFP also moderate the positive association. For example, CSP appears to be more highly correlated with accounting-based measures of CFP than with market-based ...
6,493 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider structural inertia in organizational populations as an outcome of an ecological-evolutionary process and define structural inertia as a correspondence between a class of organizations and their environments.
Abstract: Considers structural inertia in organizational populations as an outcome of an ecological-evolutionary process. Structural inertia is considered to be a consequence of selection as opposed to a precondition. The focus of this analysis is on the timing of organizational change. Structural inertia is defined to be a correspondence between a class of organizations and their environments. Reliably producing collective action and accounting rationally for their activities are identified as important organizational competencies. This reliability and accountability are achieved when the organization has the capacity to reproduce structure with high fidelity. Organizations are composed of various hierarchical layers that vary in their ability to respond and change. Organizational goals, forms of authority, core technology, and marketing strategy are the four organizational properties used to classify organizations in the proposed theory. Older organizations are found to have more inertia than younger ones. The effect of size on inertia is more difficult to determine. The variance in inertia with respect to the complexity of organizational arrangements is also explored. (SRD)
6,425 citations