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The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields (Chinese Translation)

TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that rational actors make their organizations increasingly similar as they try to change them, and describe three isomorphic processes-coercive, mimetic, and normative.
Abstract: What makes organizations so similar? We contend that the engine of rationalization and bureaucratization has moved from the competitive marketplace to the state and the professions. Once a set of organizations emerges as a field, a paradox arises: rational actors make their organizations increasingly similar as they try to change them. We describe three isomorphic processes-coercive, mimetic, and normative—leading to this outcome. We then specify hypotheses about the impact of resource centralization and dependency, goal ambiguity and technical uncertainty, and professionalization and structuration on isomorphic change. Finally, we suggest implications for theories of organizations and social change.
Citations
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Dissertation
12 Jul 2013
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the evolution of normes techniques for construction of hopitaux in the periode sovietique of l'Ukraine and the Moldavie and propose two hypotheses: 1) that acteurs internationaux ont joue un role actif dans le processus de modernisation, and 2) they ont opere un transfert de normes etrangeres.
Abstract: A la suite de leur independance, l'Ukraine et la Moldavie ont lance une serie de reformes en vue de transformer les politiques, institutions et normes heritees de la periode sovietique. Dans le contexte de l'ouverture de ces deux anciens pays communistes au liberalisme politique et economique, notre these se focalise sur l'evolution, entre 1991 et 2011, d'un instrument d'action publique : les normes techniques de construction des hopitaux. Deux hypotheses principales sont formulees. La premiere, liee au phenomene de la mondialisation, soutient que les acteurs internationaux ont joue un role actif dans le processus de modernisation, et qu'ils ont opere un transfert de normes etrangeres. La deuxieme hypothese, issue de l'approche historique de l'institutionnalisme, avance que la mise en œuvre de l'experience internationale a rencontre des resistances similaires dans ces deux pays, en raison de leur heritage commun de la periode sovietique. Ces deux hypotheses ont ete testees sur la base d'une etude approfondie de trois projets hospitaliers, realisees avec le concours d'entreprises et d'organisations internationales. S'appuyant sur plus de 90 entretiens et sur une observation participante de trois ans au sein de l'agence d'architecture francaise Groupe-6, notre etude montre que les acteurs internationaux ont reussi a produire un changement dans les normes techniques utilisees pour construire des hopitaux, selon des mecanismes d'apprentissage, de mimetisme ou de coercition.

20 citations

Dissertation
01 Jan 2018
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a Table of Contents (table of contents) and Table of TABLES (list of columns and columns) for the first chapter of the book.
Abstract: ........................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................... vii LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................. xii LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................ xv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................. xvi CHAPTER 01 .........................................................................................................

20 citations

Dissertation
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: Take down policy Some pages of this thesis may have been removed for copyright restrictions prior to having it been deposited in Explore Bristol Research as mentioned in this paper, however, if you have discovered material within the thesis that you consider to be unlawful e.g. breaches of copyright (either yours or that of a third party) or any other law, including but not limited to those relating to patent, trademark, confidentiality, data protection, obscenity, defamation, libel, etc., then please contact collections-metadata@bristol.ac.uk and include the following information in your message
Abstract: Take down policy Some pages of this thesis may have been removed for copyright restrictions prior to having it been deposited in Explore Bristol Research. However, if you have discovered material within the thesis that you consider to be unlawful e.g. breaches of copyright (either yours or that of a third party) or any other law, including but not limited to those relating to patent, trademark, confidentiality, data protection, obscenity, defamation, libel, then please contact collections-metadata@bristol.ac.uk and include the following information in your message:

20 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jun 2019
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the usefulness of mobile big data to improve the understanding of visitors' demands and defined eight water-friendly space indicators to understand how residents interact with river spaces.
Abstract: While local governments implement various policies related to urban development and regeneration, welfare, culture and tourism, the river space, in particular, which river managers designated as water-friendly space, provides residents with opportunities for their relaxation and leisures. As a local resource, the value of the space continues to increase. Hence, river managers recently recognized necessities to manage and operate the river space in accordance with visitors’ demands, and to examine usefulness in applying mobile big data to improve the understanding of visitors’ demands. In these regards, the authors first validates the number of visitors obtained from mobile big data with several water-friendly space cases. The accuracy of mobile big data turns out to be quite good enough to significantly reduce river managers’ burdens in field surveys, although it remains to be improved further. By using various information that can be inferred with the data, the authors then define eight water-friendly space indicators. Those indicators seem very useful to understand how residents interact with river spaces. With all results, authors conclude that mobile big data and defined indicators have potentials as valuable data sources for river managers’ practices, especially, in making decisions upon classification of water-friendly space, establishment of convenient facilities, optimization of O&M budget, and deregulation on the river space use permission system.

20 citations

Dissertation
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: Nursing structures in New Zealand public hospitals: Current configurations is a snapshot of the profession in the country in the years leading up to and after World War Two.
Abstract: Content removed due to copyright reasons: Hughes, K.-A., & Carryer, J.B. Nursing structures in New Zealand public hospitals: Current configurations. Policy, Politics & Nursing Practice, XX(X), 1-10. doi: 10.1177/1527154410393978

20 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article synthesize the large but diverse literature on organizational legitimacy, highlighting similarities and disparities among the leading strategic and institutional approaches, and identify three primary forms of legitimacy: pragmatic, based on audience self-interest; moral, based upon normative approval; and cognitive, according to comprehensibility and taken-for-grantedness.
Abstract: This article synthesizes the large but diverse literature on organizational legitimacy, highlighting similarities and disparities among the leading strategic and institutional approaches. The analysis identifies three primary forms of legitimacy: pragmatic, based on audience self-interest; moral, based on normative approval: and cognitive, based on comprehensibility and taken-for-grantedness. The article then examines strategies for gaining, maintaining, and repairing legitimacy of each type, suggesting both the promises and the pitfalls of such instrumental manipulations.

13,229 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a theory of stakeholder identification and saliency based on stakeholders possessing one or more of three relationship attributes (power, legitimacy, and urgency) is proposed, and a typology of stakeholders, propositions concerning their saliency to managers of the firm, and research and management implications.
Abstract: Stakeholder theory has been a popular heuristic for describing the management environment for years, but it has not attained full theoretical status. Our aim in this article is to contribute to a theory of stakeholder identification and salience based on stakeholders possessing one or more of three relationship attributes: power, legitimacy, and urgency. By combining these attributes, we generate a typology of stakeholders, propositions concerning their salience to managers of the firm, and research and management implications.

10,630 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Christine Oliver1
TL;DR: The authors applied the convergent insights of institutional and resource dependence perspectives to the prediction of strategic responses to institutional processes, and proposed a typology of strategies that vary in active organizational resistance from passive conformity to proactive manipulation.
Abstract: This article applies the convergent insights of institutional and resource dependence perspectives to the prediction of strategic responses to institutional processes. The article offers a typology of strategic responses that vary in active organizational resistance from passive conformity to proactive manipulation. Ten institutional factors are hypothesized to predict the occurrence of the alternative proposed strategies and the degree of organizational conformity or resistance to institutional pressures.

7,595 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article conducted a meta-analysis of 52 studies and found that corporate virtue in the form of social responsibility and, to a lesser extent, environmental responsibility is likely to pay off, although the operationalizations of CSP and CFP also moderate the positive association.
Abstract: Most theorizing on the relationship between corporate social/environmental performance (CSP) and corporate financial performance (CFP) assumes that the current evidence is too fractured or too variable to draw any generalizable conclusions. With this integrative, quantitative study, we intend to show that the mainstream claim that we have little generalizable knowledge about CSP and CFP is built on shaky grounds. Providing a methodologically more rigorous review than previous efforts, we conduct a meta-analysis of 52 studies (which represent the population of prior quantitative inquiry) yielding a total sample size of 33,878 observations. The meta-analytic findings suggest that corporate virtue in the form of social responsibility and, to a lesser extent, environmental responsibility is likely to pay off, although the operationalizations of CSP and CFP also moderate the positive association. For example, CSP appears to be more highly correlated with accounting-based measures of CFP than with market-based ...

6,493 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider structural inertia in organizational populations as an outcome of an ecological-evolutionary process and define structural inertia as a correspondence between a class of organizations and their environments.
Abstract: Considers structural inertia in organizational populations as an outcome of an ecological-evolutionary process. Structural inertia is considered to be a consequence of selection as opposed to a precondition. The focus of this analysis is on the timing of organizational change. Structural inertia is defined to be a correspondence between a class of organizations and their environments. Reliably producing collective action and accounting rationally for their activities are identified as important organizational competencies. This reliability and accountability are achieved when the organization has the capacity to reproduce structure with high fidelity. Organizations are composed of various hierarchical layers that vary in their ability to respond and change. Organizational goals, forms of authority, core technology, and marketing strategy are the four organizational properties used to classify organizations in the proposed theory. Older organizations are found to have more inertia than younger ones. The effect of size on inertia is more difficult to determine. The variance in inertia with respect to the complexity of organizational arrangements is also explored. (SRD)

6,425 citations