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The Language of Thought

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TLDR
In this article, Fodor argues that, while our best current theories of cognitive psychology view many higher processes as computational, computation itself presupposes an internal medium of representation, which is the speculative approach to the philosophy of mind.
Abstract
In a compelling defense of the speculative approach to the philosophy of mind, Jerry Fodor argues that, while our best current theories of cognitive psychology view many higher processes as computational, computation itself presupposes an internal medium of representation. Fodor's prime concerns are to buttress the notion of internal representation from a philosophical viewpoint, and to determine those characteristics of this conceptual construct using the empirical data available from linguistics and cognitive psychology.

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Perceptual symbol systems.

TL;DR: A perceptual theory of knowledge can implement a fully functional conceptual system while avoiding problems associated with amodal symbol systems and implications for cognition, neuroscience, evolution, development, and artificial intelligence are explored.
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The Extended Mind

TL;DR: The authors advocate an externalism about mind, but one that is in no way grounded in the debatable role of external reference in fixing the contents of our mental states, rather, they advocate an *active externalism*, based on the active role of the environment in driving cognitive processes.
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Connectionism and cognitive architecture: a critical analysis

TL;DR: Differences between Connectionist proposals for cognitive architecture and the sorts of models that have traditionally been assumed in cognitive science are explored and the possibility that Connectionism may provide an account of the neural structures in which Classical cognitive architecture is implemented is considered.
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The symbol grounding problem

TL;DR: In this paper, the problem of grounding symbolic representations in nonsymbolic representations of two kinds, i.e., "iconic representations" and "categorical representations" is addressed.
Book

The generative lexicon

TL;DR: It is argued that lexical decomposition is possible if it is performed generatively and a theory of lexical inheritance is outlined, which provides the necessary principles of global organization for the lexicon, enabling us to fully integrate the authors' natural language lexicon into a conceptual whole.