The laser gyro
01 Jan 1971-
About: The article was published on 1971-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 76 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Ring laser gyroscope.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a review of laser diode feedback interferometry as a general tool for sensing applications is presented, outlining the basic principles and the theoretical approaches used to describe the phenomenon.
Abstract: We review laser diode feedback interferometry as a general tool for sensing applications. After outlining the basic principles and the theoretical approaches used to describe the phenomenon, we present a few selected examples of applications in interferometry, as developed by various groups in recent years, such as a displacement sensor, a veloci- meter or vibration sensor, and an absolute distance meter or range finder and angle sensor. Experimental results are also reported as an illustration. © 2001 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
134 citations
TL;DR: Ring laser gyroscopes exploit the Sagnac effect and measure rotations absolute, and therefore provide an independent method to monitor Earth rotation as mentioned in this paper. But they do not require an external reference frame and therefore do not provide a high resolution for the measurement of the variations in the Earth rotation rate.
Abstract: Ring Laser gyroscopes exploit the Sagnac effect and measure rotations absolute. They do not require an external reference frame and therefore provide an independent method to monitor Earth rotation. Large-scale versions of these gyroscopes promise to eventually provide a similar high resolution for the measurement of the variations in the Earth rotation rate as the established methods based on VLBI and GNSS. This would open the door to a continuous monitoring of LOD (Length of Day) and polar motion, which is not yet available today. Another advantage is the access to the sub-daily frequency regime of Earth rotation. The ring laser “G” (Grossring), located at the Geodetic Observatory Wettzell (Germany) is the most advanced realization of such a large gyroscope. This paper outlines the current sensor design and properties.
75 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an Earth tide signal at the lunar tidal period of 12 hours 25 min has been detected in the Sagnac frequency record of the C-II ring laser 30 m underground at Christchurch, New Zealand.
Abstract: [1] An Earth tide signal at the lunar tidal period of 12 hours 25 min has been detected in the Sagnac frequency record of the C-II ring laser 30 m underground at Christchurch, New Zealand. Its amplitude, one part per million of the Earth rotation signal, is much greater than the value of 40 parts per billion expected. Tiltmeter records show that a substantial part of this amplification is geophysical, the lunar component of tilt having an amplitude of the order of 0.1–0.2 μrad, principally because of ocean loading of Banks Peninsula. The joint records also show effects on the Sagnac frequency associated with cavern deformation under ambient pressure and temperature change and with long-period waves in cavern tilt.
63 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that optical rotational seismometer based on the ring-laser gyroscope concept is the best for seismological applications, whereas systems based on fiber-optic gyroscopes demonstrate parameters which are also required for engineering applications.
Abstract: Starting with descriptions of rotational seismology, areas of interest and historical field measurements, the fundamental requirements for rotational seismometers for seismological and engineering application are formulated. On the above basis, a review of all existing rotational seismometers is presented with a description of the principles of their operation as well as possibilities to fulfill formulated requirements. This review includes mechanical, acoustical, electrochemical and optical devices and shows that the last of these types are the most promising. It is shown that optical rotational seismometer based on the ring-laser gyroscope concept is the best for seismological applications, whereas systems based on fiber-optic gyroscopes demonstrate parameters which are also required for engineering applications. Laboratory results of the Fibre-Optic System for Rotational Events & Phenomena Monitoring using a small 1-D shaking table modified to generate rotational excitations are presented. The harmonic and time-history tests demonstrate its usefulness for recording rotational motions with rates up to 0.25 rad/s.
51 citations
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: In this paper, the multioscillator (or four-frequency) ring laser gyroscope is discussed from both a theoretical and a practical point of view, and the theoretical formalisms necessary for understanding the properties of non-planar ring resonators and nonplanar gyroscopes are derived and discussed in detail.
Abstract: The multioscillator (or four-frequency) ring laser gyroscope is discussed from both a theoretical and a practical point of view. Fundamentals of device operation are presented, important nonideal behaviors (error sources) are discussed and analyzed from first principles, typical multioscillator gyroscopes are described, and samples of representative data from developmental instruments in our laboratories are reviewed. A key to the development of practical multioscillator instruments has been the introduction of nonplanar ring resonators. The theoretical formalisms (geometric and wave optic) necessary for understanding the properties of nonplanar ring resonators, and nonplanar gyroscopes, are derived and discussed in detail. Much of the material presented is new.
33 citations