Journal ArticleDOI
The links between the gut microbiome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
Zahra Safari,Philippe Gérard +1 more
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The manipulation of the gut microbiome by probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics was shown to improve liver phenotype in NAFLD patients as well as in rodent models, suggesting further knowledge about the interactions among dysbiosis, environmental factors, and diet and their impacts on the gut–liver axis can improve the treatment of this life-threatening liver disease.Abstract:
NAFLD is currently the main cause of chronic liver disease in developed countries, and the number of NAFLD patients is growing worldwide. NAFLD often has similar symptoms to other metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes and obesity. Recently, the role of the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of many diseases has been revealed. Regarding NAFLD, experiments using gut microbiota transplants to germ-free animal models showed that fatty liver disease development is determined by gut bacteria. Moreover, the perturbation of the composition of the gut microbiota has been observed in patients suffering from NAFLD. Numerous mechanisms relating the gut microbiome to NAFLD have been proposed, including the dysbiosis-induced dysregulation of gut endothelial barrier function that allows for the translocation of bacterial components and leads to hepatic inflammation. In addition, the various metabolites produced by the gut microbiota may impact the liver and thus modulate NAFLD susceptibility. Therefore, the manipulation of the gut microbiome by probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics was shown to improve liver phenotype in NAFLD patients as well as in rodent models. Hence, further knowledge about the interactions among dysbiosis, environmental factors, and diet and their impacts on the gut–liver axis can improve the treatment of this life-threatening liver disease and its related disorders.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Contribution of the Intestinal Microbiome and Gut Barrier to Hepatic Disorders
TL;DR: The mechanisms that regulate intestinal permeability are reviewed and how changes in the intestinal microbiome contribute to development of acute and chronic liver diseases are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of nutrition in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Pathophysiology and management.
TL;DR: The use of algorithms developed by artificial intelligence (AI) to create a personalized diet for patients can provide customized nutritional counselling to prevent and treat NAFLD.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lower gut microbiome diversity and higher abundance of proinflammatory genus Collinsella are associated with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Stuart Astbury,Edmond Atallah,Edmond Atallah,Amrita Vijay,Amrita Vijay,Guruprasad P. Aithal,Guruprasad P. Aithal,Jane I. Grove,Jane I. Grove,Ana M. Valdes +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of gut microbial composition in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was investigated and a 7% lower Shannon alpha diversity in NASH patients without cirrhosis (n = 40) compared to controls (p = 2.7x 10-4) was reported.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ochratoxin A induces liver inflammation: involvement of intestinal microbiota
Wence Wang,Shuangshuang Zhai,Yaoyao Xia,Hao Wang,Dong Ruan,Ting Zhou,Yongwen Zhu,Hongfu Zhang,Minhong Zhang,Hui Ye,Wenkai Ren,Lin Yang +11 more
TL;DR: The involvement of intestinal microbiota, especially Bacteroides, in liver inflammation induced by OTA is elucidated with the FMT program, which highlights the role of gut microbiota in OTA-induced liver inflammation and opens a new window for novel preventative or therapeutic intervention for mycotoxicosis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: a review of epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis and management
TL;DR: The epidemiology of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, pathogenesis, diagnosis, management and surveillance strategies to offset the morbidity and mortality of this disease, as well as liver and non‐liver‐related complications are discussed.
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TL;DR: The Human Microbiome Project Consortium reported the first results of their analysis of microbial communities from distinct, clinically relevant body habitats in a human cohort; the insights into the microbial communities of a healthy population lay foundations for future exploration of the epidemiology, ecology and translational applications of the human microbiome as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microbial ecology: Human gut microbes associated with obesity
TL;DR: It is shown that the relative proportion of Bacteroidetes is decreased in obese people by comparison with lean people, and that this proportion increases with weight loss on two types of low-calorie diet.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pattern Recognition Receptors and Inflammation
Osamu Takeuchi,Shizuo Akira +1 more
TL;DR: The role of PRRs, their signaling pathways, and how they control inflammatory responses are discussed.