The Loss of Sadness. How Psychiatry Transformed Normal Sorrow into Depressive Disorder
TL;DR: The author describes how Psychiatry Transformed Normal Sorrow into Depressive Disorder and the Loss of Sadness.
Abstract: (2008). The Loss of Sadness. How Psychiatry Transformed Normal Sorrow into Depressive Disorder. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry: Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 115-116.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: The evidence in fact supports the BE's validity and its retention in DSM-5 to prevent false positive diagnoses, and suggests some improvements to increase validity and mitigate risk of false negatives.
127 citations
Cites background from "The Loss of Sadness. How Psychiatry..."
...Prospective studies of bereavement (12-14) have demonstrated what physicians have long known (15,16), that normal grief frequently includes depressive symptoms such as sadness, difficulty sleeping, decreased appetite, fatigue, diminished interest or pleasure in usual activities, and diffiJerome C....
[...]
TL;DR: Various factors combined between the 1970s and the 1990s to transform conditions that had been viewed as "anxiety" into "depression." new interests in the twenty-first century might lead to the reemergence of anxiety as the signature mental health problem of American society.
Abstract: Context: During the 1950s and 1960s, anxiety was the emblematic mental health problem in the United States, and depression was considered to be a rare condition. One of the most puzzling phenomena regarding mental health treatment, research, and policy is why depression has become the central component of the stress tradition since then.
Methods: This article reviews statistical trends in diagnosis, treatment, drug prescriptions, and textual readings of diagnostic criteria and secondary literature.
Findings: The association of anxiety with diffuse and amorphous conceptions of “stress” and “neuroses” became incompatible with professional norms demanding diagnostic specificity. At the same time, the contrasting nosologies of anxiety and depression in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders III (DSM-III) extended major depressive disorder to encompass far more patients than any particular anxiety disorder. In addition, antidepressant drugs were not associated with the stigma and alleged side effects of the anxiolytic drugs.
Conclusion: Various factors combined between the 1970s and the 1990s to transform conditions that had been viewed as “anxiety” into “depression.” New interests in the twenty-first century, however, might lead to the reemergence of anxiety as the signature mental health problem of American society.
80 citations
Cites background from "The Loss of Sadness. How Psychiatry..."
...Depression now dominates clinical practice, treatment, and research in psychiatry as well as images of mental health problems in the broader culture (Horwitz and Wakefield 2007)....
[...]
TL;DR: Findings confirmed findings reported by Mojtabai using a different data set and time frame substantially strengthen the support for the validity of bereavement exclusion and for its preservation in the DSM-5.
Abstract: The DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder exclude bereavement-related depressive episodes that are brief and lack certain severe symptoms and are thus better explained as normal grief responses. However, the DSM-5 Task Force proposes to eliminate this exclusion because of
59 citations
Cites background from "The Loss of Sadness. How Psychiatry..."
...on their own over time without pathological sequelae (Clayton et al., 1968, 1972; Horwitz and Wakefield, 2007; Maciejewski et al., 2007)....
[...]
...…appetite, insomnia, and lack of ability to concentrate on usual tasksVare often part of normal emotional reactions to the loss of a loved one and tend to remit on their own over time without pathological sequelae (Clayton et al., 1968, 1972; Horwitz and Wakefield, 2007; Maciejewski et al., 2007)....
[...]
TL;DR: A narrative review provides an overview of treatment-resistant depression and discusses the reconceptualization of depression using an illness staging model in line with other medical fields such as oncology.
Abstract: Major depression does not always remit. Difficult-to-treat depression is thought to contribute to the large disease burden posed by depression. Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is the conventional term for nonresponse to treatment in individuals with major depression. Indicators of the phenomenon are the poor response rates to antidepressants in clinical practice and the overestimation of the efficacy of antidepressants in medical scientific literature. Current TRD staging models are based on anecdotal evidence without an empirical rationale to rank one treatment strategy above another. Many factors have been associated with TRD such as inflammatory system activation, abnormal neural activity, neurotransmitter dysfunction, melancholic clinical features, bipolarity, and a higher traumatic load. This narrative review provides an overview of this complex clinical problem and discusses the reconceptualization of depression using an illness staging model in line with other medical fields such as oncology.
47 citations
Cites background from "The Loss of Sadness. How Psychiatry..."
...However, others estimate that between 60% and 70% of individuals with a major depressive illness do not achieve complete remission from their symptoms after receiving adequate treatment (standard antidepressant dose for an adequate duration, usually 6 weeks or more) [14]....
[...]
27 Mar 2014
TL;DR: In this article, a retour s-impose donc sur la biologisation de la sante mentale, non seulement du cote de la prise en charge des patients mais aussi en ce qui concerne les critiques qui avaient ete formulees a l'encontre des autres methodes psychiatriques.
Abstract: Ces dernieres annees, la psychiatrie biologique a pris un grand ascendant sur le traitement des troubles mentaux ; or, apres des annees d’annonces prometteuses, le bilan apparait limite et discutable. Un retour s’impose donc sur la biologisation de la sante mentale, non seulement du cote de la prise en charge des patients mais aussi en ce qui concerne les critiques qui avaient ete formulees a l’encontre des autres methodes psychiatriques.
45 citations
References
More filters
TL;DR: The evidence in fact supports the BE's validity and its retention in DSM-5 to prevent false positive diagnoses, and suggests some improvements to increase validity and mitigate risk of false negatives.
127 citations
TL;DR: Various factors combined between the 1970s and the 1990s to transform conditions that had been viewed as "anxiety" into "depression." new interests in the twenty-first century might lead to the reemergence of anxiety as the signature mental health problem of American society.
Abstract: Context: During the 1950s and 1960s, anxiety was the emblematic mental health problem in the United States, and depression was considered to be a rare condition. One of the most puzzling phenomena regarding mental health treatment, research, and policy is why depression has become the central component of the stress tradition since then.
Methods: This article reviews statistical trends in diagnosis, treatment, drug prescriptions, and textual readings of diagnostic criteria and secondary literature.
Findings: The association of anxiety with diffuse and amorphous conceptions of “stress” and “neuroses” became incompatible with professional norms demanding diagnostic specificity. At the same time, the contrasting nosologies of anxiety and depression in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders III (DSM-III) extended major depressive disorder to encompass far more patients than any particular anxiety disorder. In addition, antidepressant drugs were not associated with the stigma and alleged side effects of the anxiolytic drugs.
Conclusion: Various factors combined between the 1970s and the 1990s to transform conditions that had been viewed as “anxiety” into “depression.” New interests in the twenty-first century, however, might lead to the reemergence of anxiety as the signature mental health problem of American society.
80 citations
TL;DR: Findings confirmed findings reported by Mojtabai using a different data set and time frame substantially strengthen the support for the validity of bereavement exclusion and for its preservation in the DSM-5.
Abstract: The DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder exclude bereavement-related depressive episodes that are brief and lack certain severe symptoms and are thus better explained as normal grief responses. However, the DSM-5 Task Force proposes to eliminate this exclusion because of
59 citations
TL;DR: A narrative review provides an overview of treatment-resistant depression and discusses the reconceptualization of depression using an illness staging model in line with other medical fields such as oncology.
Abstract: Major depression does not always remit. Difficult-to-treat depression is thought to contribute to the large disease burden posed by depression. Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is the conventional term for nonresponse to treatment in individuals with major depression. Indicators of the phenomenon are the poor response rates to antidepressants in clinical practice and the overestimation of the efficacy of antidepressants in medical scientific literature. Current TRD staging models are based on anecdotal evidence without an empirical rationale to rank one treatment strategy above another. Many factors have been associated with TRD such as inflammatory system activation, abnormal neural activity, neurotransmitter dysfunction, melancholic clinical features, bipolarity, and a higher traumatic load. This narrative review provides an overview of this complex clinical problem and discusses the reconceptualization of depression using an illness staging model in line with other medical fields such as oncology.
47 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a retour s-impose donc sur la biologisation de la sante mentale, non seulement du cote de la prise en charge des patients mais aussi en ce qui concerne les critiques qui avaient ete formulees a l'encontre des autres methodes psychiatriques.
Abstract: Ces dernieres annees, la psychiatrie biologique a pris un grand ascendant sur le traitement des troubles mentaux ; or, apres des annees d’annonces prometteuses, le bilan apparait limite et discutable. Un retour s’impose donc sur la biologisation de la sante mentale, non seulement du cote de la prise en charge des patients mais aussi en ce qui concerne les critiques qui avaient ete formulees a l’encontre des autres methodes psychiatriques.
44 citations