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The Magnetocaloric Effect and its Applications
01 Sep 2003-
TL;DR: In this paper, the phase transition region magnetocaloric properties of 3D metals and their alloys have been investigated, including magnetocoric effect in amorphous materials and rare earth elements.
Abstract: Introduction Theory Magnetocaloric effect in the phase transition region Methods of investigation of magnetocaloric properties Magnetocaloric effect in 3d metals and their alloys Magnetocaloric effect in amorphous materials Magnetocaloric effect in rare earth metals and their alloys Magnetocaloric effect in intermetallic compounds with rare earth elements Magnetocaloric effect in oxide compounds Magnetocaloric effect in silicides and germanides Magnetocaloric effect in nanosized materials Magnetic refrigeration Conclusions
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TL;DR: The recent literature concerning the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) has been reviewed and correlations have been made comparing the behaviours of the different families of magnetic materials which exhibit large or unusual MCE values.
Abstract: The recent literature concerning the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) has been reviewed. The MCE properties have been compiled and correlations have been made comparing the behaviours of the different families of magnetic materials which exhibit large or unusual MCE values. These families include: the lanthanide (R) Laves phases (RM2, where M = Al, Co and Ni), Gd5(Si1−xGex)4 ,M n(As1−xSbx), MnFe(P1−xAsx), La(Fe13−xSix) and their hydrides and the manganites (R1−xMxMnO3, where R = lanthanide and M = Ca, Sr and Ba). The potential for use of these materials in magnetic refrigeration is discussed, including a comparison with Gd as a near room temperature active magnetic regenerator material. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
3,002 citations
TL;DR: Considering future bottlenecks in raw materials, options for the recycling of rare-earth intermetallics for hard magnets will be discussed and their potential impact on energy efficiency is discussed.
Abstract: A new energy paradigm, consisting of greater reliance on renewable energy sources and increased concern for energy effi ciency in the total energy lifecycle, has accelerated research into energy-related technologies. Due to their ubiquity, magnetic materials play an important role in improving the effi ciency and performance of devices in electric power generation, conditioning, conversion, transportation, and other energy-use sectors of the economy. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art hard and soft magnets and magnetocaloric materials, with an emphasis on their optimization for energy applications. Specifi cally, the impact of hard magnets on electric motor and transportation technologies, of soft magnetic materials on electricity generation and conversion technologies, and of magnetocaloric materials for refrigeration technologies, are discussed. The synthesis, characterization, and property evaluation of the materials, with an emphasis on structure‐property relationships, are discussed in the context of their respective markets, as well as their potential impact on energy effi ciency. Finally, considering future bottlenecks in raw materials, options for the recycling of rare-earth intermetallics for hard magnets will be discussed.
2,465 citations
TL;DR: The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in paramagnetic materials has been widely used for attaining very low temperatures by applying a magnetic field isothermally and removing it adiabatically as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in paramagnetic materials has been widely used for attaining very low temperatures by applying a magnetic field isothermally and removing it adiabatically. The effect can also be exploited for room-temperature refrigeration by using giant MCE materials. Here we report on an inverse situation in Ni-Mn-Sn alloys, whereby applying a magnetic field adiabatically, rather than removing it, causes the sample to cool. This has been known to occur in some intermetallic compounds, for which a moderate entropy increase can be induced when a field is applied, thus giving rise to an inverse magnetocaloric effect. However, the entropy change found for some ferromagnetic Ni-Mn-Sn alloys is just as large as that reported for giant MCE materials, but with opposite sign. The giant inverse MCE has its origin in a martensitic phase transformation that modifies the magnetic exchange interactions through the change in the lattice parameters.
1,680 citations
TL;DR: The resulting magnetocaloric, electrocaloric and mechanocaloric effects are compared here in terms of history, experimental method, performance and prospective cooling applications.
Abstract: A magnetically, electrically or mechanically responsive material can undergo significant thermal changes near a ferroic phase transition when its order parameter is modified by the conjugate applied field. The resulting magnetocaloric, electrocaloric and mechanocaloric (elastocaloric or barocaloric) effects are compared here in terms of history, experimental method, performance and prospective cooling applications.
1,101 citations
TL;DR: The magnetocaloric effect and its most straightforward application, magnetic refrigeration, are topics of current interest due to the potential improvement of energy efficiency of cooling and temperature control systems, in combination with other environmental benefits associated to a technology that does not rely on the compression/expansion of harmful gases.
941 citations