The mechanistic pathways of arsenic transport in rice cultivars: Soil to mouth
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors quantified transferability of fifteen rice cultivars representing three groups i.e., high yielding variety (HYV), local aromatic rice (LAR) and hybrid for As from soil to cooked rice and its ingestion led health risk, elucidating the processes of its unloading at five check points.
About: This article is published in Environmental Research.The article was published on 2022-03-01. It has received 6 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Cultivar & Husk.
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TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper collected 108 rice samples from local markets and online sources in 13 major rice-producing regions in China, and determined As contents, speciation and bioaccessibility in the samples.
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TL;DR: In this article , the authors assessed the response of plant growth and accumulation of an As hyperaccumulator (Pteris vittata L.) intercropped with two legume plants to three gradients of As-contaminated soil.
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17 Sep 2015
TL;DR: Exposure Factors Handbook: 2011 Edition as discussed by the authors provides information on various physiological and behavioral factors commonly used in assessing exposure to environmental chemicals, such as exposure to ozone, ozone depletion, and ozone depletion.
Abstract: Exposure Factors Handbook: 2011 Edition. The Exposure Factors Handbook provides information on various physiological and behavioral factors commonly used in assessing exposure to environmental chemicals.
457 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reported ultra-high electrical conductivity in MoP at low temperature, which has recently been established as a triple point fermion material, and they showed that the electrical resistivity is 6 nΩ cm at 2'K with a large mean free path of 11 microns.
Abstract: Weyl and Dirac fermions have created much attention in condensed matter physics and materials science. Recently, several additional distinct types of fermions have been predicted. Here, we report ultra-high electrical conductivity in MoP at low temperature, which has recently been established as a triple point fermion material. We show that the electrical resistivity is 6 nΩ cm at 2 K with a large mean free path of 11 microns. de Haas-van Alphen oscillations reveal spin splitting of the Fermi surfaces. In contrast to noble metals with similar conductivity and number of carriers, the magnetoresistance in MoP does not saturate up to 9 T at 2 K. Interestingly, the momentum relaxing time of the electrons is found to be more than 15 times larger than the quantum coherence time. This difference between the scattering scales shows that momentum conserving scattering dominates in MoP at low temperatures. Although novel topological quasiparticles have recently been evidenced, their electrical transport properties remain elusive. Here, the authors report ultra-low resistivity down to 6 nΩcm at 2 K in MoP with a large mean free path, which hints on the exotic properties of triple point fermions.
392 citations
TL;DR: A member of the Oryza sativa C-type ATP-binding cassette transporter (OsABCC) family, OsABCC1, is involved in the detoxification and reduction of As in rice grains and was expressed in many organs, including the roots, leaves, nodes, peduncle, and rachis.
Abstract: Arsenic (As) is a chronic poison that causes severe skin lesions and cancer. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a major dietary source of As; therefore, reducing As accumulation in the rice grain and thereby diminishing the amount of As that enters the food chain is of critical importance. Here, we report that a member of the Oryza sativa C-type ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter (OsABCC) family, OsABCC1, is involved in the detoxification and reduction of As in rice grains. We found that OsABCC1 was expressed in many organs, including the roots, leaves, nodes, peduncle, and rachis. Expression was not affected when plants were exposed to low levels of As but was up-regulated in response to high levels of As. In both the basal nodes and upper nodes, which are connected to the panicle, OsABCC1 was localized to the phloem region of vascular bundles. Furthermore, OsABCC1 was localized to the tonoplast and conferred phytochelatin-dependent As resistance in yeast. Knockout of OsABCC1 in rice resulted in decreased tolerance to As, but did not affect cadmium toxicity. At the reproductive growth stage, the As content was higher in the nodes and in other tissues of wild-type rice than in those of OsABCC1 knockout mutants, but was significantly lower in the grain. Taken together, our results indicate that OsABCC1 limits As transport to the grains by sequestering As in the vacuoles of the phloem companion cells of the nodes in rice.
357 citations
TL;DR: Arsenic-induced skin lesions seem to be the most common and initial symptoms of arsenicosis, and more systematic studies are needed to determine the link between As exposure and its related cancer and noncancer end points.
Abstract: Worldwide chronic arsenic (As) toxicity has become a human health threat. Arsenic exposure to humans mainly occurs from the ingestion of As contaminated water and food. This communication presents a review of current research conducted on the adverse health effects on humans exposed to As-contaminated water. Chronic exposure of As via drinking water causes various types of skin lesions such as melanosis, leucomelanosis, and keratosis. Other manifestations include neurological effects, obstetric problems, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, diseases of the respiratory system and of blood vessels including cardiovascular, and cancers typically involving the skin, lung, and bladder. The skin seems to be quite susceptible to the effects of As. Arsenic-induced skin lesions seem to be the most common and initial symptoms of arsenicosis. More systematic studies are needed to determine the link between As exposure and its related cancer and noncancer end points.
354 citations
TL;DR: The concentration of arsenic found in the present study is much lower than the permissible limit in rice (1.0 mg kg(-1)) according to WHO recommendation, and rice grown in soils of Bangladesh contaminated with arsenic of 14.5+/-0.1 mg kg (-1) could be considered safe for human consumption.
289 citations