The modified compression-field theory for reinforced concrete elements subjected to shear
01 Mar 1986-Vol. 83, Iss: 2, pp 219-231
About: The article was published on 1986-03-01. It has received 2577 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Modified Compression Field Theory & Shear (geology).
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01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: The Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (Code) as mentioned in this paper covers the materials, design, and construction of structural concrete used in buildings and where applicable in nonbuilding structures, including the strength evaluation of existing concrete structures.
Abstract: The “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete” (“Code”) covers the materials, design, and construction of structural concrete used in buildings and where applicable in nonbuilding structures. The Code also covers the strength evaluation of existing concrete structures. Among the subjects covered are: contract documents; inspection; materials; durability requirements; concrete quality, mixing, and placing; formwork; embedded pipes; construction joints; reinforcement details; analysis and design; strength and serviceability; flexural and axial loads; shear and torsion; development and splices of reinforcement; slab systems; walls; footings; precast concrete; composite flexural members; prestressed concrete; shells and folded plate members; strength evaluation of existing structures; provisions for seismic design; structural plain concrete; strut-and-tie modeling in Appendix A; alternative design provisions in Appendix B; alternative load and strength reduction factors in Appendix C; and anchoring to concrete in Appendix D. The quality and testing of materials used in construction are covered by reference to the appropriate ASTM standard specifications. Welding of reinforcement is covered by reference to the appropriate American Welding Society (AWS) standard. Uses of the Code include adoption by reference in general building codes, and earlier editions have been widely used in this manner. The Code is written in a format that allows such reference without change to its language. Therefore, background details or suggestions for carrying out the requirements or intent of the Code portion cannot be included. The Commentary is provided for this purpose. Some of the considerations of the committee in developing the Code portion are discussed within the Commentary, with emphasis given to the explanation of new or revised provisions. Much of the research data referenced in preparing the Code is cited for the user desiring to study individual questions in greater detail. Other documents that provide suggestions for carrying out the requirements of the Code are also cited.
2,239 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a simplified modified compression field theory (MCFT) was proposed to predict the shear strength of reinforced concrete (RC) elements with almost the same accuracy as the full theory.
Abstract: In this article, the authors propose a simplified MCFT (modified compression field theory) and demonstrate that this simplified MCFT is capable of predicting the shear strength of a wide range of reinforced concrete (RC) elements with almost the same accuracy as the full theory. The authors summarize the results of over 100 pure shear tests on reinforced concrete panels. The ACI approach for predicting shear strength as the sum of a diagonal cracking load and a 45-degree truss model predicts the strength of these panels poorly, with an average experimental-over-predicted shear strength ratio of 1.40 with a coefficient of variation of 46.7%. The modified compression field theory (MCFT), developed in the 1980s, can predict the shear strength of these panels with an average shear strength ratio of 1.01 and a coefficient of variation (COV) of only 12.2%. The authors contend that their new, simplified method gives an average shear strength ratio of 1.11 with a COV of 13.0%. They demonstrate the application of this new simplified method to panels with numerical examples. They conclude that, on many occasions, a full load-deformation analysis is not needed and this quick calculation of shear strength is appropriate and useful.
579 citations
01 Jan 2007
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive overview of the effects of explosion on structures is presented, and different methods to estimate blast loads and structural response are introduced, and an explanation of the nature of explosions and the mechanism of blast waves in free air is given.
Abstract: The use of vehicle bombs to attack city centers has been a feature of campaigns by terrorist organizations around the world. A bomb explosion within or immediately nearby a building can cause catastrophic damage on the building's external and internal structural frames, collapsing of walls, blowing out of large expanses of windows, and shutting down of critical life-safety systems. Loss of life and injuries to occupants can result from many causes, including direct blast-effects, structural collapse, debris impact, fire, and smoke.The indirect effects can combine to inhibit or prevent timely evacuation, thereby contributing to additional casualties. In addition, major catastrophes resulting from gas-chemical explosions result in large dynamic loads, greater than the original design loads, of many structures. Due to the threat from such extreme loading conditions, efforts have been made during the past three decades to develop methods of structural analysis and design to resist blast loads. The analysis and design of structures subjected to blast loads require a detailed understanding of blast phenomena and the dynamic response of various structural elements. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the effects of explosion on structures. An explanation of the nature of explosions and the mechanism of blast waves in free air is given. This paper also introduces different methods to estimate blast loads and structural response.
513 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a failure criterion for punching shear based on the rotation of a slab is proposed, which correctly predicts the size effect (decreasing nominal shear strength with increasing size of the member).
Abstract: A mechanical explanation of the phenomenon of punching shear in slabs without transverse reinforcement is presented on the basis of the opening of a critical shear crack. It leads to the formulation of a new failure criterion for punching shear based on the rotation of a slab. This criterion correctly describes punching shear failures observed in experimental testing, even in slabs with low reinforcement ratios. Its application requires the knowledge of the load-rotation relationship of the slab, for which a simple mechanical model is proposed. The resulting approach is shown to give better results than current design codes, with a very low coefficient of variation (COV). Parametric studies demonstrate that it correctly predicts several aspects of punching shear previously observed in testing as size effect (decreasing nominal shear strength with increasing size of the member). Accounting for the proposed failure criterion and load-rotation relationship of the slab, the punching shear strength of a flat slab is shown to depend on the span of the slab, rather than on its thickness as often proposed.
490 citations