The moral economy of grades and standards
TL;DR: In this article, it is argued that grades and standards are part of the moral economy of the modern world, and that they both set norms for behavior and standardize (create uniformity).
About: This article is published in Journal of Rural Studies.The article was published on 2000-07-01. It has received 313 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Generally Accepted Auditing Standards & Standardization.
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01 Jan 2006
3 citations
Cites background from "The moral economy of grades and sta..."
...Busch (2000) notes that standards are first and foremost a means for establishing a moral economy....
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01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that the imposition of QS 9000 and ISO/TS 16949 quality assurance standards upon their suppliers, is a governmental programme of network standardization, and that nodes situated in the network are called upon to pre-emptively manage failures.
Abstract: Organizational research has entered into a network paradigm (Borgatti & Foster, 2003). Despite the proliferation of literature on networks, very little emphasis has been placed upon elucidating the ways in which networks are governed. This thesis moves to understand network governance within the context of the North American automotive industry. Within this industry, lead firms, specifically General Motors, Ford and Daimler-Chrysler, have outsourced a substantial portion of parts production. This thesis argues that in an aim to govern their supplier relations, North American lead firms’ imposition of QS 9000 and now ISO/TS 16949 quality assurance standards upon their suppliers, is a governmental programme of network standardization. Constitutive of this programme is failure. Nodes situated in the network are called upon to pre-emptively manage failures. Drawing upon the govemmentality literature, particular attention is given to the centrality of probabilizing failure and the techniques used to manage failure. Utilizing the quality assurance standards themselves, and 15 in-depth interviews with quality assurance managers by the author at different Tier 1 part supplier plants, this article explores the moral rationalities and technologies of performance used to manage failures. This thesis focuses on the creation of part narratives, and particularly, on the quality audit and its role in governing the conduct of part suppliers at-a-distance. Lastly, this thesis focuses on the network prudential subject, who is called upon to pre-emptively manage failures on behalf of the network.
3 citations
31 Mar 2020
3 citations
Cites background from "The moral economy of grades and sta..."
..., 2017; Demont and Neven, 2013); 3) enhance competitiveness and discipline market; and 4) aid in promoting market communication (Busch, 2000)....
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...…standardization because it will 1) lower transaction cost of procurement; 2) be effective in connecting quality and price of local rice (Demont et al., 2017; Demont and Neven, 2013); 3) enhance competitiveness and discipline market; and 4) aid in promoting market communication (Busch, 2000)....
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01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze actors goals and strategies and understa nd what the "reality" of green shrimp trade in the area is, and illustrate with case study material from Tarakan, East Kalimantan, Indonesia.
Abstract: In Indonesia, shrimp pond development and shrimp production expended significantly. There are also signs that this expansion has caused an enviro nmental damaged, especially on the existence on mangrove forest. This extensification or expansi on process has been facilitated by the national government through various support programs. Another important factor affecting the shrimp production and trade is the rising demand in EU and US for sustainable marine products, especially shrimp production and related products. The rising environmental awareness in Europe and US about the environmental impact of shrimp ponds in producer countries likely to put pressure on shrimp producing countries such as Indonesia. The "idea" of green shrimp has arrived in the area, but it is not passively adopte d and implemented. It is being "negotiated" and translated into local concepts according to local s takeholder goals and strategies. This paper aims to analyze actors goals and strategies and understa nd what the "reality" of green shrimp trade in the area is. These above processes are illustrated with case study material from Tarakan, East Kalimantan, Indonesia.
3 citations
Cites background from "The moral economy of grades and sta..."
...The goal of the standards is to standardize the dif f rences in the practices of farmers [15] and to improve, as stated by Li [18] “deficiencies that ne ed to be rectified”....
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TL;DR: In this article, the interplay of public policy and market-driven initiatives to improve farm animal welfare (FAW) is discussed, and it is shown that efforts to improve FAW standards are contingent on collaboration and coordination across globalised markets among actors with divergent interests.
Abstract: This article discusses the interplay of public policy and market-driven initiatives to improve farm animal welfare (FAW). Over the last couple of decades, the notion of ‘market-driven animal welfare’ has become popular, but can the market deliver the FAW that consumers and politicians expect? Using the Danish pork sector as the empirical setting, this article studies efforts to improve private FAW standards following changes to general regulations. The analysis shows that ethical misgivings regarding the adequacy of current and prospective FAW standards are tempered by the economic considerations that guide the practices of some actors. The study also shows that efforts to improve FAW standards are contingent on collaboration and coordination across globalised markets among actors with divergent interests. The findings have important implications for market practices and public policy in relation to FAW.
3 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present La Volonté de Savoir, the methodological introduction of a projected five-volume history of sexuality, which seems to have a special fascination for Foucault: the gradual emergence of medicine as an institution, the birth of political economy, demography and linguistics as human sciences, the invention of incarceration and confinement for the control of the "other" in society (the mad, the libertine, the criminal) and that special violence that lurks beneath the power to control discourse.
Abstract: This writer who has warned us of the “ideological” function of both the oeuvre and the author as unquestioned forms of discursive organization has gone quite far in constituting for both these “fictitious unities” the name (with all the problems of such a designation) Michel Foucault. One text under review, La Volonté de Savoir, is the methodological introduction of a projected five-volume history of sexuality. It will apparently circle back over that material which seems to have a special fascination for Foucault: the gradual emergence of medicine as an institution, the birth of political economy, demography and linguistics as “human sciences,” the invention of incarceration and confinement for the control of the “other” in society (the mad, the libertine, the criminal) and that special violence that lurks beneath the power to control discourse.
15,794 citations
"The moral economy of grades and sta..." refers background in this paper
...As Foucault (1977) has suggested, some, perhaps most, of these relations of power are benign....
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Book•
01 Jan 1991
TL;DR: This article argued that we are modern as long as we split our political process in two - between politics proper, and science and technology, which allowed the formidable expansion of the Western empires.
Abstract: What makes us modern? This is a classic question in philosophy as well as in political science. However it is often raised without including science and technology in its definition. The argument of this book is that we are modern as long as we split our political process in two - between politics proper, and science and technology. This division allows the formidable expansion of the Western empires. However it has become more and more difficult to maintain this distance between science and politics. Hence the postmodern predicament - the feeling that the modern stance is no longer acceptable but that there is no alternative. The solution, advances one of France's leading sociologists of science, is to realize that we have never been modern to begin with. The comparative anthropology this text provides reintroduces science to the fabric of daily life and aims to make us compatible both with our past and with other cultures wrongly called pre-modern.
8,858 citations
"The moral economy of grades and sta..." refers background in this paper
...On the one hand, the social studies of science has been much in#uenced through the Actor Network Theory developed by Latour (1987, 1993) and Callon (Callon, 1991; Callon and Latour, 1992; Callon et al., 1986) among others (e.g., Law, 1994)....
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Book•
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: In this article, the quandary of the fact-builder is explored in the context of science and technology in a laboratory setting, and the model of diffusion versus translation is discussed.
Abstract: Acknowledgements Introduction Opening Pandora's Black Box PART I FROM WEARER TO STRONGER RHETORIC Chapter I Literature Part A: Controversies Part B: When controversies flare up the literature becomes technical Part C: Writing texts that withstand the assaults of a hostile environment Conclusion: Numbers, more numbers Chapter 2 Laboratories Part A: From texts to things: A showdown Part B: Building up counter-laboratories Part C: Appealing (to) nature PART II FROM WEAR POINTS TO STRONGHOLDS Chapter 3 Machines Introduction: The quandary of the fact-builder Part A: Translating interests Part B: Keeping the interested groups in line Part C: The model of diffusion versus the model of translation Chapter 4 Insiders Out Part A: Interesting others in the laboratories Part B: Counting allies and resources PART III FROM SHORT TO LONGER NETWORKS Chapter 5 Tribunals of Reason Part A: The trials of rationality Part B: Sociologics Part C: Who needs hard facts? Chapter 6 Centres of calculation Prologue: The domestication of the savage mind Part A: Action at a distance Part B: Centres of calculation Part C: Metrologies Appendix 1
8,173 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1962
TL;DR: In the classic bestseller, Capitalism and Freedom, Friedman presents his view of the proper role of competitive capitalism as both a device for achieving economic freedom and a necessary condition for political freedom as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: In the classic bestseller, Capitalism and Freedom, Milton Friedman presents his view of the proper role of competitive capitalism--the organization of economic activity through private enterprise operating in a free market--as both a device for achieving economic freedom and a necessary condition for political freedom. Beginning with a discussion of principles of a liberal society, Friedman applies them to such constantly pressing problems as monetary policy, discrimination, education, income distribution, welfare, and poverty. "Milton Friedman is one of the nation's outstanding economists, distinguished for remarkable analytical powers and technical virtuosity. He is unfailingly enlightening, independent, courageous, penetrating, and above all, stimulating."-Henry Hazlitt, Newsweek "It is a rare professor who greatly alters the thinking of his professional colleagues. It's an even rarer one who helps transform the world. Friedman has done both."-Stephen Chapman, Chicago Tribune
7,026 citations
6,926 citations
"The moral economy of grades and sta..." refers background in this paper
...On the one hand, the social studies of science has been much in#uenced through the Actor Network Theory developed by Latour (1987, 1993) and Callon (Callon, 1991; Callon and Latour, 1992; Callon et al., 1986) among others (e.g., Law, 1994)....
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...…of Edmund Stone: Mathematical Instruments are the means by which those noble sciences, geometry and philosophy, are render'd 8As both Rouse (1987) and Latour (1987) have noted, the illusion of universality is constructed by a set of speci"c events and actions that are always local in character....
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