The mortality of rheumatoid arthritis
Frederick Wolfe,Donald M. Mitchell,John Sibley,James F. Fries,Daniel A. Bloch,Catherine A. Williams,Patricia W. Spitz,May Haga,S M Kleinheksel,M. A. Cathey +9 more
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TLDR
Mortality rates are increased at least 2-fold in RA, and are linked to clinical severity, with a large excess of deaths attributable to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Abstract:
Objective. To determine the risk and causes of death and to quantify mortality predictors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Methods. RA patients (n = 3,501) from 4 centers (Saskatoon n = 905, Wichita n = 1,405, Stanford n = 886, and Santa Clara n = 305) were followed for up to 35 years; 922 patients died.
Results. The overall standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 2.26 (Saskatoon 2.24, Wichita 1.98, Stanford 3.08, Santa Clara 2.18) and increased with time. Mortality was strikingly increased for specific causes: infection, lymphoproliferative malignancy, gastroenterologic, and RA. In addition, as an effect of the SMR of 2.26, the expected number of deaths was increased nonspecifically across all causes (except cancer), with a large excess of deaths attributable to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Independent predictors of mortality included age, education, male sex, function, rheumatoid factor, nodules, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, joint count, and prednisone use.read more
Citations
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C-Reactive Protein, a Sensitive Marker of Inflammation, Predicts Future Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Initially Healthy Middle-Aged Men Results From the MONICA (Monitoring Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) Augsburg Cohort Study, 1984 to 1992
Wolfgang Koenig,M. Sund,Margit Fröhlich,Hans-Günther Fischer,Hannelore Löwel,Angela Döring,Winston L. Hutchinson,Mark B. Pepys +7 more
TL;DR: These results confirm the prognostic relevance of CRP, a sensitive systemic marker of inflammation, to the risk of CHD in a large, randomly selected cohort of initially healthy middle-aged men and suggest that low-grade inflammation is involved in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, especially its thrombo-occlusive complications.
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Therapeutic efficacy of multiple intravenous infusions of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody combined with low-dose weekly methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis.
Ravinder N. Maini,Ferdinand C. Breedveld,Joachim R. Kalden,Josef S Smolen,Diana Davis,John D. Macfarlane,C Antoni,Burkhard F. Leeb,M J Elliott,James N. Woody,Thomas F. Schaible,Marc Feldmann +11 more
TL;DR: Multiple infusions of cA2 were effective and well tolerated, with the best results occurring at 3 and 10 mg/kg either alone or in combination with MTX in approximately 60% of patients with active RA despite therapy with low-dose MTX.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis.
Frank C. Arnett,Steven M. Edworthy,Daniel A. Bloch,Dennis J. McShane,James F. Fries,Norman S. Cooper,L. A. Healey,Stephen R. Kaplan,Matthew H. Liang,Harvinder S. Luthra,Thomas A. Medsger,Donald M. Mitchell,David H. Neustadt,Robert S. Pinals,Jane G. Schaller,John T. Sharp,Ronald L. Wilder,Gene G. Hunder +17 more
TL;DR: The revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were formulated from a computerized analysis of 262 contemporary, consecutively studied patients with RA and 262 control subjects with rheumatic diseases other than RA (non-RA).
Journal Article
Revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis.
TL;DR: The Bulletin on the Rheumatic Diseases has published all of the classification criteria for the rheumatic diseases to date, and these new revised classified criteria for rheumatoid arthritis are very important as they should provide understanding of the possibly changing face of rheumatism.
Journal ArticleDOI
1958 Revision of diagnostic criteria for rheumatoid arthritis
Journal ArticleDOI
Severe functional declines, work disability, and increased mortality in seventy-five rheumatoid arthritis patients studied over nine years
Theodore Pincus,Leigh F. Callahan,William G. Sale,Arthur L. Brooks,Lee E. Payne,William K. Vaughn +5 more
TL;DR: There was increased mortality at the 9-year review, similar to most reported series of RA patients from referral centers; however, a significant increase in neoplasia, which was of concern because of the use of intraarticular thiotepa, was not seen.
Journal Article
Mortality in rheumatoid arthritis.
TL;DR: Rheumatoid arthritis is often regarded as a non-fatal disease, yet patients with RA have a substantially reduced life expectancy and the influence of treatment on mortality remains unclear.
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The American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis.
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