The Nature of Rapport and Its Nonverbal Correlates
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a conceptualization of rapport that has utility for identifying the nonverbal correlates associated with rapport, and describe the nature of rapport in terms of nonverbal relations.
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to offer a conceptualization of rapport that has utility for identifying the nonverbal correlates associated with rapport. We describe the nature of rapport in terms ...
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TL;DR: The role of mindfulness in curtailing negative functioning and enhancing positive outcomes in several important life domains, including mental health, physical health, behavioral regulation, and interpersonal relationships is discussed in this paper.
Abstract: Interest in mindfulness and its enhancement has burgeoned in recent years. In this article, we discuss in detail the nature of mindfulness and its relation to other, established theories of attention and awareness in day-to-day life. We then examine theory and evidence for the role of mindfulness in curtailing negative functioning and enhancing positive outcomes in several important life domains, including mental health, physical health, behavioral regulation, and interpersonal relationships. The processes through which mindfulness is theorized to have its beneficial effects are then discussed, along with proposed directions for theoretical development and empirical research.
2,796 citations
Cites result from "The Nature of Rapport and Its Nonve..."
...This latter result is consistent with evidence that bringing sustained attention to social exchanges is key to the establishment of rapport (e.g., Tickle-Degnan & Rosenthal, 1990)....
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TL;DR: The authors' analysis suggests that expressive suppression should disrupt communication and increase stress levels during social interactions, and this hypothesis was tested in unacquainted pairs of women.
Abstract: At times, people keep their emotions from showing during social interactions. The authors' analysis suggests that such expressive suppression should disrupt communication and increase stress levels. To test this hypothesis, the authors conducted 2 studies in which unacquainted pairs of women discussed an upsetting topic. In Study 1, one member of each pair was randomly assigned to (a) suppress her emotional behavior, (b) respond naturally, or (c) cognitively reappraise in a way that reduced emotional responding. Suppression alone disrupted communication and magnified blood pressure responses in the suppressors' partners. In Study 2, suppression had a negative impact on the regulators' emotional experience and increased blood pressure in both regulators and their partners. Suppression also reduced rapport and inhibited relationship formation.
1,169 citations
Cites background or result from "The Nature of Rapport and Its Nonve..."
...Expressivity is considered to be a component of social skill (Riggio, 1986; Riggio & Friedman, 1982), positive emotion expression has been linked with the development of affiliation and rapport (Bernieri, Gillis, Davis, & Grahe, 1996; Harker & Keltner, 2001; Tickle-Degnan & Rosenthal, 1990 ), and the self-disclosure of emotions appears to be central to both initial attraction and the development of intimacy (Berg & ......
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...This is in accord with theory and research that posits responsiveness as the minimal requirement for interpersonal coordination and the experience of rapport (Bernieri & Rosenthal, 1991; Cappella, 1997; Tickle-Degnan & Rosenthal, 1990 )....
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TL;DR: A large number of social psychological conclusions are listed alongside meta-analytic information about the magnitude and variability of the corresponding effects as mentioned in this paper, and the results from more than 25,000 studies of 8 million people.
Abstract: This article compiles results from a century of social psychological research, more than 25,000 studies of 8 million people. A large number of social psychological conclusions are listed alongside meta-analytic information about the magnitude and variability of the corresponding effects. References to 322 meta-analyses of social psychological phenomena are presented, as well as statistical effect-size summaries. Analyses reveal that social psychological effects typically yield a value of r equal to .21 and that, in the typical research literature, effects vary from study to study in ways that produce a standard deviation in r of .15. Uses, limitations, and implications of this large-scale compilation are noted. In 1898 Norman Triplett published an early experiment in social psychology, about an effect of the presence of others on task performance. In the 100 years since Triplett’s investigation, many social psychological effects have been documented. The current article summarizes the best established of these findings, with data from more than 25,000 research studies and 8 million people. Our goal is to quantify the magnitude and variability of social psychological effects. We begin by considering previous summaries of social psychology, note some unresolved issues, and review developments that permit a century of scholarly work to be quantitatively described. For present purposes, we follow Manstead and Hewstone (1995) in regarding social psychology as the study of “the reciprocal influence of the individual and his or her social context” (p. 588).
1,150 citations
TL;DR: Relationships are an important aspect of doing business, and few businesses can survive without establishing solid relationships with their customers as mentioned in this paper.However, although the marketing literature suggests that relationships are important, it is not always the case.
Abstract: Relationships are an important aspect of doing business, and few businesses can survive without establishing solid relationships with their customers. Although the marketing literature suggests tha...
1,027 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed two ways in which shifting such surveys to random digit dialing (RDD) telephone interviewing might affect the quality of data acquired, and test these hypotheses using data from three different mode experiments.
Abstract: The last 50 years have seen a gradual replacement of face-to-face interviewing with telephone interviewing as the dominant mode of survey data collection in the United States. But some of the most expensive and large-scale nationally funded, long-term survey re- search projects involving national area-probability samples and long questionnaires retain face-to-face interviewing as their mode. In this article, we propose two ways in which shifting such surveys to random digit dialing (RDD) telephone interviewing might affect the quality of data acquired, and we test these hypotheses using data from three na- tional mode experiments. Random digit dialing telephone respondents were more likely to satisfice (as evidenced by no-opinion responding, nondifferentiation, and acquiescence), to be less cooperative and en- gaged in the interview, and were more likely to express dissatisfaction with the length of the interview than were face-to-face respondents, despite the fact that the telephone interviews were completed more quickly than the face-to-face interviews. Telephone respondents were also more suspicious about the interview process and more likely to present themselves in socially desirable ways than were face-to-face respondents. These findings shed light on the nature of the survey re- sponse process, on the costs and benefits associated with particular survey modes, and on the nature of social interaction generally.
913 citations
References
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Book•
01 Dec 1969TL;DR: The concepts of power analysis are discussed in this paper, where Chi-square Tests for Goodness of Fit and Contingency Tables, t-Test for Means, and Sign Test are used.
Abstract: Contents: Prefaces. The Concepts of Power Analysis. The t-Test for Means. The Significance of a Product Moment rs (subscript s). Differences Between Correlation Coefficients. The Test That a Proportion is .50 and the Sign Test. Differences Between Proportions. Chi-Square Tests for Goodness of Fit and Contingency Tables. The Analysis of Variance and Covariance. Multiple Regression and Correlation Analysis. Set Correlation and Multivariate Methods. Some Issues in Power Analysis. Computational Procedures.
115,069 citations
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01 Jan 1957
TL;DR: In this article, the authors deal with the nature and theory of meaning and present a new, objective method for its measurement which they call the semantic differential, which can be adapted to a wide variety of problems in such areas as clinical psychology, social psychology, linguistics, mass communications, esthetics, and political science.
Abstract: In this pioneering study, the authors deal with the nature and theory of meaning and present a new, objective method for its measurement which they call the semantic differential. This instrument is not a specific test, but rather a general technique of measurement that can be adapted to a wide variety of problems in such areas as clinical psychology, social psychology, linguistics, mass communications, esthetics, and political science. The core of the book is the authors' description, application, and evaluation of this important tool and its far-reaching implications for empirical research.
9,476 citations
01 Jan 1987
2,605 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1973
2,471 citations
"The Nature of Rapport and Its Nonve..." refers background or methods or result in this paper
...Although evaluation forces would not be as salient as in early interaction , the participants would exchange praise and criticism more freely (Altman & Taylor, 1973)....
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...This high degree of behavioral coordination in informal social interaction has been described using analogies such as the smooth actions of a well-functioning athletic team (Altman & Taylor, 1973) or the rhythm and synchronization of the members of an orchestra (Scheflen, 1963)....
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...These scenarios of initial and later interactions are consistent with the work of theorists in the field of interpersonal relationship development (Altman & Taylor, 1973; Duck, 1977; Hinde, 1979)....
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01 Jan 1972
2,181 citations