The “new public management” in the 1980s: Variations on a theme
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...…a specific point in time.1 The primary empirical foundations for our analysis are drawn from the U.K. and Scandinavia, which provide illuminating contrasts pertaining to the subject matter due to the notable national differences in governance and reforms (cf. Hood, 1995; Laughlin and Pallot, 1998)....
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...The incidence and power of these stakeholders may vary considerably between countries, parts of the public sector or points in time (Brunsson, 1994; Hood, 1995; Olson et al., 1998), and the framework advanced here should be regarded as a generic model rather than an exact representation of the…...
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...The incidence and power of these stakeholders may vary considerably between countries, parts of the public sector or points in time (Brunsson, 1994; Hood, 1995; Olson et al., 1998), and the framework advanced here should be regarded as a generic model rather than an exact representation of the situation in a particular country or part of the public sector at a specific point in time....
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...There are also notable international differences in the extent to which market-based models are relied upon in the public sector (Hood, 1995)....
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...This tendency can partly be traced to the concerns of funding bodies with efficient use of resources, effectively leading to growing reliance on relatively aggregated measures of financial results and resource utilization (Hood, 1995)....
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