The nutrient requirements of ruminant livestock

doi:10.1016/0377-8401(82)90027-X

Journal Article•DOI•

The nutrient requirements of ruminant livestock

01 Jun 1982-Animal Feed Science and Technology (Elsevier BV)-Vol. 7, Iss: 3, pp 319-320

About: This article is published in Animal Feed Science and Technology.The article was published on 1982-06-01. It has received 1931 citations till now.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Nitrogen Metabolism in the Rumen

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Alex Bach¹, Sergio Calsamiglia², Marshall D. Stern³•Institutions (3)

Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies¹, Autonomous University of Barcelona², University of Minnesota³

01 Apr 2005-Journal of Dairy Science

TL;DR: It was concluded that optimum bacterial growth in the rumen occurs when EMPS is 29 g of bacterial N/kg of fermented organic matter, and ENU is 69%, implying that bacteria would require about 1.31 x rumen-available N per unit ofacterial N.

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1,144 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Heat stress in lactating dairy cows: a review

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C.T Kadzere¹, Michael R. Murphy¹, Nissim Silanikove², Ephraim Maltz²•Institutions (2)

University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign¹, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center²

01 Oct 2002-Livestock Production Science

TL;DR: A review of factors influencing heat stress in lactating dairy cows and how it affects milk production is provided in this article, where the thermoneutral zone, heat production and heat gain, heat dissipation mechanisms, and how the lactating cow responds to heat stress are discussed.

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1,100 citations

Estimation of microbial protein supply to sheep and cattle based on urinary excretion of purine derivatives - an overview of the technical details

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X. B. Chen, M. J. Gomes

01 Jan 1995

TL;DR: This work has shown that purine metabolism in ruminants is regulated by a mixture of xanthine plus hypoxanthine and uric acid, and the determination of allantoin by a colorimetric method and that the latter is determined by an enzymatic method.

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Abstract: Introduction 1 Principle of the method 1 Brief background of purine metabolism in ruminants 2 Limitation of the method 5 Sample collection 5 Determination of purine derivatives 6 Dilution of urine samples 6 List of published methods 8 Determination of allantoin by a colorimetric method 9 Determination of xanthine plus hypoxanthine by enzymatic method 12 Determination of uric acid by uricase method 15 Calculations 16 Daily excretion of purine derivatives 17 Calculation of microbial N supply 17 Presentation of results 18 Use of spot samples 19 Related Literature 19

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1,060 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

DNA methylation, insulin resistance, and blood pressure in offspring determined by maternal periconceptional B vitamin and methionine status

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Kevin D. Sinclair¹, Cinzia Allegrucci, Ravinder J. Singh, David S. Gardner, Sonia Sebastian, J. Bispham, Alexandra Thurston, John F. Huntley, William D. Rees, Christopher A. Maloney, Richard G. Lea, Jim Craigon, T.G. McEvoy, Lorraine E. Young¹ - Show less +10 more•Institutions (1)

University of Nottingham¹

04 Dec 2007-Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

TL;DR: The data provide the first evidence that clinically relevant reductions in specific dietary inputs to the methionine/folate cycles during the periconceptional period can lead to widespread epigenetic alterations to DNA methylation in offspring, and modify adult health-related phenotypes.

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Abstract: A complex combination of adult health-related disorders can originate from developmental events that occur in utero. The periconceptional period may also be programmable. We report on the effects of restricting the supply of specific B vitamins (i.e., B12 and folate) and methionine, within normal physiological ranges, from the periconceptional diet of mature female sheep. We hypothesized this would lead to epigenetic modifications to DNA methylation in the preovulatory oocyte and/or preimplantation embryo, with long-term health implications for offspring. DNA methylation is a key epigenetic contributor to maintenance of gene silencing that relies on a dietary supply of methyl groups. We observed no effects on pregnancy establishment or birth weight, but this modest early dietary intervention led to adult offspring that were both heavier and fatter, elicited altered immune responses to antigenic challenge, were insulin-resistant, and had elevated blood pressure–effects that were most obvious in males. The altered methylation status of 4% of 1,400 CpG islands examined by restriction landmark genome scanning in the fetal liver revealed compelling evidence of a widespread epigenetic mechanism associated with this nutritionally programmed effect. Intriguingly, more than half of the affected loci were specific to males. The data provide the first evidence that clinically relevant reductions in specific dietary inputs to the methionine/folate cycles during the periconceptional period can lead to widespread epigenetic alterations to DNA methylation in offspring, and modify adult health-related phenotypes.

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745 citations

Cites background from "The nutrient requirements of rumina..."

...*School of Biosciences and §School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom; ‡Department of Tissue Engineering and Modelling, Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom; ¶Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom; The Rowett Research Institute, Greenburn Road, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, United Kingdom; and **Scottish Agricultural College, Roslin Biocentre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9PS, United Kingdom Edited by R. Michael Roberts, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, and approved October 15, 2007 (received for review August 2, 2007) A complex combination of adult health-related disorders can originate from developmental events that occur in utero....
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...Agricultural Research Council (1980) The Nutrient Requirements of Ruminant Livestock (Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough, UK)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Protein and Energy as an Integrated System. Relationship of Ruminal Protein and Carbohydrate Availability to Microbial Synthesis and Milk Production

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J.E. Nocek¹, James B. Russell²•Institutions (2)

Syracuse University¹, Cornell University²

01 Aug 1988-Journal of Dairy Science

TL;DR: In early lactation, dietary CP and energy can profoundly affect milk yield, but current methods of assessing these nutrients are often inadequate to predict animal performance.

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628 citations

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The nutrient requirements of ruminant livestock

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Cites background from "The nutrient requirements of rumina..."

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