The occurrence of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, endocrine disruptors and illicit drugs in surface water in South Wales, UK.

doi:10.1016/J.WATRES.2008.04.026

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The occurrence of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, endocrine disruptors and illicit drugs in surface water in South Wales, UK.

Journal Article•DOI•

The occurrence of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, endocrine disruptors and illicit drugs in surface water in South Wales, UK.

Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern¹, Richard M. Dinsdale², Alan J. Guwy²•Institutions (2)

University of Huddersfield¹, University of South Wales²

01 Jul 2008-Water Research (Pergamon)-Vol. 42, Iss: 13, pp 3498-3518

TL;DR: Most PPCPs were frequently found in river water at concentrations reaching single microgL(-1) and their levels depended mainly on the extent of water dilution resulting from rainfall, while the illicit drugs studied were found in rivers at low levels of ng L(-1).

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About: This article is published in Water Research.The article was published on 2008-07-01. It has received 987 citations till now.

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Journal Article•DOI•

A review on emerging contaminants in wastewaters and the environment: current knowledge, understudied areas and recommendations for future monitoring.

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Bruce Petrie¹, Ruth Barden², Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern¹•Institutions (2)

University of Bath¹, Wessex Water²

01 Apr 2015-Water Research

TL;DR: Understudied areas of emerging contaminant (EC) research in wastewaters and the environment are identified, and direction for future monitoring is recommended, and the fate and impact of ECs in all exposed environmental compartments are studied.

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1,939 citations

Cites background from "The occurrence of pharmaceuticals, ..."

...For example, acetaminophen was found within influent wastewater at mean concentrations ranging from6924 to 492,340 ng l 1 (Roberts and Thomas, 2006; Kasprzyk-Hordern et al., 2008a, 2009) (Table 1)....
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...The analgesic tramadol has been observed in river water at the highest concentration up to a maximum of 7731 ng l 1 (Kasprzyk-Hordern et al., 2008b)....
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...The sunscreen agent 4-benzophenone has been observed at mean final effluent concentrations ranging from 3597 to 5790 ng l 1 (Kasprzyk-Hordern et al., 2008a, 2009)....
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...(Kasprzyk-Hordern et al., 2008b)....
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...…ECs have been observed mainly in the ng to mg l 1 range in surface waters throughout the UK (Ashton et al., 2004; Roberts and Thomas, 2006; Kasprzyk-Hordern et al., 2007, 2008a,b, 2009; Baker and Kasprzyk-Hordern, 2011a, 2013) and across the rest of Europe (Gracia-Lor et al., 2011; Gros…...
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Journal Article•DOI•

The removal of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, endocrine disruptors and illicit drugs during wastewater treatment and its impact on the quality of receiving waters.

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Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern¹, Richard M. Dinsdale², Alan J. Guwy²•Institutions (2)

University of Huddersfield¹, University of South Wales²

01 Feb 2009-Water Research

TL;DR: Treated wastewater effluents were the main contributors to PPCPs concentrations in the rivers studied, and the effect of WWTP effluent on the quality of river water is significant and cannot be underestimated.

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1,436 citations

Cites background or methods or result from "The occurrence of pharmaceuticals, ..."

...A detailed discussion of the methods and their validation is presented elsewhere (Kasprzyk-Hordern et al., 2007, 2008a,b)....
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...The MS analyses were performed in positive ESI mode (Kasprzyk-Hordern et al., 2007, 2008b)....
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...The detailed SPE procedure is discussed elsewhere (Kasprzyk-Hordern et al., 2007, 2008a,b)....
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...Similar pattern was observed in surface water (Kasprzyk-Hordern et al., 2008c)....
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...Detailed discussion on the presence and fate of the studied pharmaceuticals in the rivers Taff and Ely is presented elsewhere (Kasprzyk-Hordern et al., 2008c)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the freshwater aquatic environment

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Anekwe Jennifer Ebele¹, Mohamed Abou-Elwafa Abdallah¹, Mohamed Abou-Elwafa Abdallah², Stuart Harrad¹•Institutions (2)

University of Birmingham¹, Assiut University²

01 Mar 2017-Emerging Contaminants

TL;DR: A review of the current state-of-the-art on PPCPs in the freshwater aquatic environment is presented in this article, where the environmental risk posed by these contaminants is evaluated in light of the persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity criteria.

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1,285 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) from wastewater: A review.

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Jianlong Wang¹, Shizong Wang¹•Institutions (1)

Tsinghua University¹

01 Nov 2016-Journal of Environmental Management

TL;DR: The classes, functions and the representatives of the frequently detected PPCPs in aquatic environments were summarized and suggestions are made for future study of P PCPs.

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997 citations

Cites background from "The occurrence of pharmaceuticals, ..."

...Many studies have shown that PPCPs occurred in the surface water with the concentration ranging from ng/l to mg/l (Calamari et al., 2003; Moldovan, 2006; Kasprzyk-Hordern et al., 2008; Huerta-Fontela et al., 2011; Wu et al., 2015; Roberts et al., 2016), in the ground water at concentration level of ng/l to mg/l (Cabeza et al....
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...…studies have shown that PPCPs occurred in the surface water with the concentration ranging from ng/l to mg/l (Calamari et al., 2003; Moldovan, 2006; Kasprzyk-Hordern et al., 2008; Huerta-Fontela et al., 2011; Wu et al., 2015; Roberts et al., 2016), in the ground water at concentration level of…...
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Journal Article•DOI•

Occurrence and fate of emerging contaminants in municipal wastewater treatment plants from different geographical regions-a review.

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Ngoc Han Tran¹, Martin Reinhard², Karina Yew-Hoong Gin¹•Institutions (2)

National University of Singapore¹, Stanford University²

15 Apr 2018-Water Research

TL;DR: Many antibiotics were detected in the influents and effluents of WWTPs at concentrations close to or exceeding the predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) for resistance selection.

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993 citations

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References

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Journal Article•DOI•

Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999-2000: a national reconnaissance.

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Dana W. Kolpin¹, Edward T. Furlong¹, Michael T. Meyer¹, E. Michael Thurman¹, Steven D. Zaugg¹, Larry B. Barber¹, Herbert T. Buxton¹ - Show less +3 more•Institutions (1)

United States Geological Survey¹

13 Mar 2002-Environmental Science & Technology

TL;DR: The U.S. Geological Survey used five newly developed analytical methods to measure concentrations of 95 organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs) in water samples from a network of 139 streams across 30 states during 1999 and 2000 as mentioned in this paper.

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Abstract: To provide the first nationwide reconnaissance of the occurrence of pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs) in water resources, the U.S. Geological Survey used five newly developed analytical methods to measure concentrations of 95 OWCs in water samples from a network of 139 streams across 30 states during 1999 and 2000. The selection of sampling sites was biased toward streams susceptible to contamination (i.e. downstream of intense urbanization and livestock production). OWCs were prevalent during this study, being found in 80% of the streams sampled. The compounds detected represent a wide range of residential, industrial, and agricultural origins and uses with 82 of the 95 OWCs being found during this study. The most frequently detected compounds were coprostanol (fecal steroid), cholesterol (plant and animal steroid), N,N-diethyltoluamide (insect repellant), caffeine (stimulant), triclosan (antimicrobial disinfectant), tri(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (fire retardant), and 4-nonylphenol (nonionic detergent metabolite). Measured concentrations for this study were generally low and rarely exceeded drinking-water guidelines, drinking-water health advisories, or aquatic-life criteria. Many compounds, however, do not have such guidelines established. The detection of multiple OWCs was common for this study, with a median of seven and as many as 38 OWCs being found in a given water sample. Little is known about the potential interactive effects (such as synergistic or antagonistic toxicity) that may occur from complex mixtures of OWCs in the environment. In addition, results of this study demonstrate the importance of obtaining data on metabolites to fully understand not only the fate and transport of OWCs in the hydrologic system but also their ultimate overall effect on human health and the environment.

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7,036 citations

"The occurrence of pharmaceuticals, ..." refers background or result in this paper

...…at concentrations reaching mg L 1 (Ashton et al., 2004; Bendz et al., 2005; Calamari et al., 2003; Glassmeyer et al., 2005; Gross et al., 2006; Kolpin et al., 2002, 2004; Moldovan, 2006; Roberts and Thomas, 2006; Vanderford et al., 2003; Vieno et al., 2005, 2006; Hummel et al., 2006; Zuccato…...
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...…mefenamic acid, paracetamol and aspirin were also analysed and determined at similar levels by several research groups (Gross et al., 2006; Moldovan, 2006; Vieno et al., 2005; Lindqvist et al., 2005; Bendz et al., 2005; Calamari et al., 2003; Kolpin et al., 2002, 2004; Glassmeyer et al., 2005)....
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...…of concentrations for erythromycin, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole were obtained by several research groups (Vanderford et al., 2003, Gross et al., 2006; Roberts and Thomas, 2006; Bendz et al., 2005; Hirsch et al., 1999; Calamari et al., 2003; Kolpin et al., 2002, 2004; Glassmeyer et al., 2005)....
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...Similar observations in relation to carbamazepine were made by others (Vanderford et al., 2003; Vieno et al., 2006; Gross et al., 2006; Moldovan, 2006; Bendz et al., 2005; Kolpin et al., 2002, 2004; Glassmeyer et al., 2005)....
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...Similarly to the other discussed groups of pharmaceuticals: bezafibrate, clofibric acid were found at comparable levels in surface water around the world (Gross et al., 2006; Vieno et al., 2005; Lindqvist et al., 2005; Calamari et al., 2003; Kolpin et al., 2002, 2004; Glassmeyer et al., 2005)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment: agents of subtle change?

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Christian G. Daughton¹, Thomas A. Ternes¹•Institutions (1)

United States Environmental Protection Agency¹

01 Dec 1999-Environmental Health Perspectives

TL;DR: This review attempts to synthesize the literature on environmental origin, distribution/occurrence, and effects and to catalyze a more focused discussion in the environmental science community.

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Abstract: During the last three decades, the impact of chemical pollution has focused almost exclusively on the conventional "priority" pollutants, especially those acutely toxic/carcinogenic pesticides and industrial intermediates displaying persistence in the environment. This spectrum of chemicals, however, is only one piece of the larger puzzle in "holistic" risk assessment. Another diverse group of bioactive chemicals receiving comparatively little attention as potential environmental pollutants includes the pharmaceuticals and active ingredients in personal care products (in this review collectively termed PPCPs), both human and veterinary, including not just prescription drugs and biologics, but also diagnostic agents, "nutraceuticals," fragrances, sun-screen agents, and numerous others. These compounds and their bioactive metabolites can be continually introduced to the aquatic environment as complex mixtures via a number of routes but primarily by both untreated and treated sewage. Aquatic pollution is particularly troublesome because aquatic organisms are captive to continual life-cycle, multigenerational exposure. The possibility for continual but undetectable or unnoticed effects on aquatic organisms is particularly worrisome because effects could accumulate so slowly that major change goes undetected until the cumulative level of these effects finally cascades to irreversible change--change that would otherwise be attributed to natural adaptation or ecologic succession. As opposed to the conventional, persistent priority pollutants, PPCPs need not be persistent if they are continually introduced to surface waters, even at low parts-per-trillion/parts-per-billion concentrations (ng-microg/L). Even though some PPCPs are extremely persistent and introduced to the environment in very high quantities and perhaps have already gained ubiquity worldwide, others could act as if they were persistent, simply because their continual infusion into the aquatic environment serves to sustain perpetual life-cycle exposures for aquatic organisms. This review attempts to synthesize the literature on environmental origin, distribution/occurrence, and effects and to catalyze a more focused discussion in the environmental science community.

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4,347 citations

"The occurrence of pharmaceuticals, ..." refers background in this paper

...Additionally, due to their continuous introduction into the environment and synergic effects through combined parallel action, even compounds of a low persistence might cause unwanted effects in the environment (Daughton and Ternes, 1999; Fent et al., 2006)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Ecotoxicology of human pharmaceuticals.

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Karl Fent, Anna Weston, Daniel Caminada¹•Institutions (1)

University of Zurich¹

10 Feb 2006-Aquatic Toxicology

TL;DR: It is shown that only very little is known about long-term effects of pharmaceuticals to aquatic organisms, in particular with respect to biological targets, and targeted ecotoxicological studies are needed focusing on subtle environmental effects.

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2,844 citations

"The occurrence of pharmaceuticals, ..." refers background in this paper

...Additionally, due to their continuous introduction into the environment and synergic effects through combined parallel action, even compounds of a low persistence might cause unwanted effects in the environment (Daughton and Ternes, 1999; Fent et al., 2006)....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

Occurrence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment.

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Roman Hirsch, Thomas A. Ternes, Klaus Haberer, Karl-Ludwig Kratz¹•Institutions (1)

University of Mainz¹

12 Jan 1999-Science of The Total Environment

TL;DR: From the large number of ground water samples that were taken from agricultural areas in Germany, no contamination by antibiotics was detected except for two sites, which indicates that intake from veterinary applications to the aquatic environment is of minor importance.

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2,070 citations

"The occurrence of pharmaceuticals, ..." refers background in this paper

...…of concentrations for erythromycin, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole were obtained by several research groups (Vanderford et al., 2003, Gross et al., 2006; Roberts and Thomas, 2006; Bendz et al., 2005; Hirsch et al., 1999; Calamari et al., 2003; Kolpin et al., 2002, 2004; Glassmeyer et al., 2005)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

The occurrence of selected pharmaceuticals in wastewater effluent and surface waters of the lower Tyne catchment

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Paul H. Roberts¹, Kevin V. Thomas¹•Institutions (1)

Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science¹

01 Mar 2006-Science of The Total Environment

TL;DR: Results of this study show that various pharmaceutical compounds are effectively reduced during their passage through a tertiary wastewater treatment works, whilst others are sufficiently persistent to occur in estuarine systems.

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850 citations

"The occurrence of pharmaceuticals, ..." refers background in this paper

...However, much higher or lower levels of beta-blockers were observed by Vieno et al. (2006) and Roberts and Thomas (2006)....
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...…reaching mg L 1 (Ashton et al., 2004; Bendz et al., 2005; Calamari et al., 2003; Glassmeyer et al., 2005; Gross et al., 2006; Kolpin et al., 2002, 2004; Moldovan, 2006; Roberts and Thomas, 2006; Vanderford et al., 2003; Vieno et al., 2005, 2006; Hummel et al., 2006; Zuccato et al., 2008)....
[...]
...…of concentrations for erythromycin, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole were obtained by several research groups (Vanderford et al., 2003, Gross et al., 2006; Roberts and Thomas, 2006; Bendz et al., 2005; Hirsch et al., 1999; Calamari et al., 2003; Kolpin et al., 2002, 2004; Glassmeyer et al., 2005)....
[...]
...However, lower levels for naproxen, ibuprofen, diclofenac were obtained in surface water by Vanderford et al. (2003) and higher levels were obtained for ibuprofen by Roberts and Thomas (2006)....
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