The on-board live storage of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) caught by trawl: Fish behaviour, stress and fillet quality
TL;DR: The blood chemistry data showed that the captured fish were somewhat stressed, but it was not able to clarify whether the fish were becoming gradually more stressed during the subsequent live storage, or whether the observed increase or lack of recovery were a result of a delayed response for the various stress parameters.
About: This article is published in Fisheries Research.The article was published on 2017-05-01. It has received 25 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Haddock & Gadus.
Citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored trade-offs between fish quality, fishing efficiency, costs and profitability across three different vessel groups in the Norwegian groundfish fishery, that is, vessels fishing with bottom trawls, longlines and Danish seines.
23 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors have built a significant body of research that shows that fishes display all the features commonly associated with intelligence in mammals, and that they experience stress, fear and pain.
Abstract: Scientists have built a significant body of research that shows that fishes display all the features commonly associated with intelligence in mammals, and that they experience stress, fear and pain. These findings have significant ramifications for animal welfare legislation, an area from which fishes have been traditionally excluded. Our most detrimental interaction with fishes is through commercial fisheries and aquaculture, an industry that feeds billions of humans and employs millions more. We have invented a vast array of fishing methods that extract fishes from almost every region on the planet in an equally vast range of violent and painful ways. Fisheries managers regularly fail to prevent overfishing to ensure healthy populations of target species, have not adequately addressed the impacts on other marine species and the broader environment, nor prevented human rights abuses on board fishing vessels. Fish welfare has not been a consideration. Farmed fishes are under our control for their entire lives, and while there are welfare guidelines available, where these are applied, the goal is primarily to maximise production and reduce losses, rather than ensure good welfare. These industries are important to many of us; however, we need to change these systems to address both welfare and sustainability. For fisheries this means a reduction in the number of fishes killed, by addressing overfishing and wasteful capture methods, and reducing the length of time fishes suffer during capture. For aquaculture this means keeping fishes in more natural environments at lower PAIN AND EMOTION IN FISHES 176 densities, reducing transport and handling impacts, and choosing species that cope better with farming. Both sectors need to develop humane slaughtering practices. Fish behaviour and welfare experts will benefit from working with the people and systems that are driving more ethical and sustainable practices in fisheries and farming, to help initiate improvements that will benefit individual fishes and the broader marine environment, as well as the lives of those working in the industry. We must ensure that where we do need to farm and capture fishes it is done humanely, fairly and without unnecessary waste of trillions of lives. A simple way forward would be to reduce our reliance on fish as a primary source of protein, particularly in wealthy countries where alternatives abound.
18 citations
TL;DR: Cod caught in the sequential codend had a significantly reduced probability of incurring specific catch damage, such as gear marks, poor exsanguination, ecchymosis, and skin abrasions.
Abstract: Trawl-caught fish are frequently associated with deteriorated catch quality. This study presents a new dual sequential codend concept with the aim of improving the quality of trawl-caught fish by minimizing the frequency and severity of catch damage. During towing, the fish are retained in an anterior codend segment with the legislated mesh size. A quality improving codend segment, is attached to the aft part of the first codend segment. Its entrance is closed during the towing phase and opened at a predefined depth during haul-back. Comparing the quality of cod (Gadus morhua L.) retained in the sequential codend with cod caught in a conventional codend, demonstrated a significant improvement in the catch quality, i.e. reduction in catch damages. Cod caught in a conventional codend had only a 3.6% probability of being without visually detectable catch damage. The probability for catching cod without catch damage was five times higher when using the dual sequential codend. Furthermore, cod caught in the sequential codend had a significantly reduced probability of incurring specific catch damage, such as gear marks, poor exsanguination, ecchymosis, and skin abrasions.
18 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that laterality has wide-spread consequences for fish behaviour and a better understanding of how laterality shapes and interacts with fish behaviour may provide opportunities to enhance fish welfare.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of buffer towing on fish quality were evaluated using two different quality indexes, one for whole cod and one for cod fillets, and the results proved that buffer-towing has a negative impact on the quality of cod.
14 citations
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TL;DR: Although the species studied comprise a small and nonrepresentative sample of the almost 20,000 known teleost species, there are many indications that the stress response is variable and flexible in fish, in line with the great diversity of adaptations that enable these animals to live in a large variety of aquatic habitats.
Abstract: The stress response in teleost fish shows many similarities to that of the terrestrial vertebrates These concern the principal messengers of the brain-sympathetic-chromaffin cell axis (equivalent of the brain-sympathetic-adrenal medulla axis) and the brain-pituitary-interrenal axis (equivalent of the brain-pituitary-adrenal axis), as well as their functions, involving stimulation of oxygen uptake and transfer, mobilization of energy substrates, reallocation of energy away from growth and reproduction, and mainly suppressive effects on immune functions There is also growing evidence for intensive interaction between the neuroendocrine system and the immune system in fish Conspicuous differences, however, are present, and these are primarily related to the aquatic environment of fishes For example, stressors increase the permeability of the surface epithelia, including the gills, to water and ions, and thus induce systemic hydromineral disturbances High circulating catecholamine levels as well as structural damage to the gills and perhaps the skin are prime causal factors This is associated with increased cellular turnover in these organs In fish, cortisol combines glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid actions, with the latter being essential for the restoration of hydromineral homeostasis, in concert with hormones such as prolactin (in freshwater) and growth hormone (in seawater) Toxic stressors are part of the stress literature in fish more so than in mammals This is mainly related to the fact that fish are exposed to aquatic pollutants via the extensive and delicate respiratory surface of the gills and, in seawater, also via drinking The high bioavailability of many chemicals in water is an additional factor Together with the variety of highly sensitive perceptive mechanisms in the integument, this may explain why so many pollutants evoke an integrated stress response in fish in addition to their toxic effects at the cell and tissue levels Exposure to chemicals may also directly compromise the stress response by interfering with specific neuroendocrine control mechanisms Because hydromineral disturbance is inherent to stress in fish, external factors such as water pH, mineral composition, and ionic calcium levels have a significant impact on stressor intensity Although the species studied comprise a small and nonrepresentative sample of the almost 20,000 known teleost species, there are many indications that the stress response is variable and flexible in fish, in line with the great diversity of adaptations that enable these animals to live in a large variety of aquatic habitats
3,722 citations
TL;DR: Stress, through the action of corticosteroids, may reduce immunocompetence by influencing lymphocyte numbers and antibody-production capacity, and affect reproduction by altering levels and patterns of reproductive hormones that influence maturation.
1,995 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of functional protein additives on texture and colors were investigated using medium-grade Alaska pollock surimi and differential scanning calorimetry tests were applied to measure gel strength, gel deformability, and calcorimetric properties.
Abstract: Medium-grade Alaska pollock surimi was used to investigate the effects of functional protein additives on texture and colors. Torsion failure and differential scanning calorimetry tests were applied to measure gel strength, gel deformability, and calorimetric properties. CIE Lab color values were also measured. Shear stress values of gels and peak temperature of DSC thermograms were all increased. Shear strain, a good indicator of protein-protein interaction, was increased only by addition of egg white and beef plasma protein. Yellowness (b*) values were affected by all additives except frozen egg white. Whiteness index (L*-3b*) was a more effective indicator to differentiate additives.
279 citations
"The on-board live storage of Atlant..." refers methods in this paper
...The chroma (colour saturation, C*), 245 hue angle (0 o = red hue; 90 o = yellow hue, H o ) and whiteness (W) (Park, 1994) were calculated as C*ab 246 = (a* 2 + b* 2 ) 1/2 , H o ab = arctan (b*/a*) and W = L* - 3b*, respectively....
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TL;DR: It is suspected that the low recapture rates and survival of the hatchery-reared salmon smolts were, in part, caused by the handling and transport of the Smolts prior to the release.
193 citations
TL;DR: Onset of rigor development and muscle ATP depletion was delayed in unstressed fish and was more rapid in line-captured than exercised fish, suggesting that commercial users minimizing stress would maintain high flesh quality.
Abstract: Muscle metabolites in resting, tank acclimated snapper, Pagrus auratus, were monitored for 72 hr postmortem and compared with values from exercised or commercially caught fish. The physiological status of the live animal was quantified by plasma cortisol and blood chemistry. Cortisol levels were lowest in unstressed controls (6.8 ± 2.1 ng mL−1) while exercised laboratory fish had highest levels (67.7 ± 11.2 ng mL−1). Control fish maintained a constant K-value for 72 hr in chilled storage; all other groups had significant increases. Onset of rigor development and muscle ATP depletion was delayed in unstressed fish and was more rapid in line-captured than exercised fish. Commercial users minimizing stress would maintain high flesh quality.
152 citations