The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak - an update on the status.
Citations
1,496 citations
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Cites background from "The origin, transmission and clinic..."
...Although the first data available about COVID-19 indicates possible animal-to-human transmission via wild animals in Huanan seafood Market in Wuhan (5, 6), epidemiological data and studies, after that, have increasingly demonstrated that the virus transmits human-tohuman, through droplets or direct contact, with the reporting that individuals who did not have direct contact with the Huanan seafood market were diagnosed with COVID-19 and with secondary cases occurring at hospitals among health care workers who had extensive contact with COVID-19 patients....
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...Although the first data available about COVID-19 indicates possible animal-to-human transmission via wild animals in Huanan seafood Market in Wuhan (5, 6), epidemiological data and studies, after that, have...
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...In December 2019, an outbreak of pneumonia cases was reported in Wuhan, China....
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Cites background from "The origin, transmission and clinic..."
...The first cases of infection by this virus were reported in a shellfish market in south Wuhan in December 2019 [3], and it proved impossible to rule out human-human transmission....
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745 citations
References
36,578 citations
"The origin, transmission and clinic..." refers background or result in this paper
...A few plasma cytokines and chemokines were observed ascended in COVID-19 patients, including IL-1, IL-2, IL4, IL-7, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, GCSF, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF), IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), IFN-γ and TNF-α [48, 68, 69]....
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...The data showed that ICU patients had higher plasma levels of IL-2, IL-7, IL-10, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF), 10 kD interferongamma-induced protein (IP-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein 1-α (MIP-1α), and TNF-α [48]....
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...colony-stimulating factor (GCSF), 10 kD interferongamma-induced protein (IP-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein 1-α (MIP-1α), and TNF-α [48]....
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...Moreover, chloroquine has immunomodulatory effects, suppressing the production/release of TNF-α and IL-6....
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...few patients are in critical condition and rapidly develop acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure, multiple organ failure, even deaths [48]....
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22,622 citations
"The origin, transmission and clinic..." refers background in this paper
...In laboratory examination results, most patients had normal or decreased white blood cell counts, and lymphocytopenia [16, 54]....
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...8%) [16], sometimes with a rounded morphology and a peripheral lung distri-...
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21,455 citations
16,857 citations
"The origin, transmission and clinic..." refers background in this paper
...2% overall genome sequence identity [8], suggesting that bat CoV...
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...[8] have confirmed that the SARS-CoV-2 uses the same cellular entry receptor, ACE2, as SARS-CoV....
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...It is clear now that SARS-CoV-2 could use angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the same receptor as SARS-CoV [8], to infect humans (upper panel, Fig....
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16,635 citations
"The origin, transmission and clinic..." refers background or result in this paper
...Complications included acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), arrhythmia, shock [46], acute kidney injury, acute cardiac injury, liver dysfunction and secondary infection [48]....
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...The clinical manifestations were in consistence with the previous data of 41, 99, and 138 patients analysis in Hubei province [46, 48, 50]....
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...Antiviral drugs and systemic corticosteroid treatment commonly used in clinical practice previously, including neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, peramivir, zanamivir, etc), ganciclovir, acyclovir, and ribavirin, as well as methylprednisolone [46, 75] for influenza virus, are invalid for COVID-19 and not recommended....
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