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Journal ArticleDOI

The Oslo diet-heart study. Eleven-year report.

Paul Leren1
01 Nov 1970-Circulation (Circulation)-Vol. 42, Iss: 5, pp 935-942
TL;DR: The study deals with 412 men, aged 30 to 64 years, randomized 1 to 2 years after a first myocardial infarction, and found major coronary heart disease relapses, including fatal and nonfatal events (MI), were significantly reduced.
Abstract: The study deals with 412 men, aged 30 to 64 years, randomized 1 to 2 years after a first myocardial infarction. For the experimental group a diet low in saturated fats and cholesterol, and high in polyunsaturated fats was recommended. After 5 years, as reported previously, the incidence of fatal and nonfatal myocardial reinfarction was found to be significantly reduced. "Sudden death" was uninfluenced. Major coronary heart disease (CHD) relapses, including fatal and nonfatal events (MI), were significantly reduced (P = 0.05). After 11 years, death from all causes had occurred in 101 of the original dieters and 108 controls. A significantly reduced myocardial infarction mortality in the original diet group was found (32 versus 57, P = 0.004). The total number of coronary deaths (fatal myocardial infarction and sudden death) was 79 in the diet group and 94 in the control group (P = 0.097). The CHD mortality was correlated with age, serum cholesterol level, blood pressure, body weight, smoking habits, and a ...
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TL;DR: A modest intake of fatty fish (two or three portions per week) may reduce mortality in men who have recovered from MI.

2,624 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An alpha-linolenic acid-rich Mediterranean diet seems to be more efficient than presently used diets in the secondary prevention of coronary events and death.

1,969 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Clinical Efficacy Assessment Subcommittee of the American College of Physicians–American Society of Internal Medicine acknowledges the scientific validity of this product as a background paper and as a review that captures the levels of evidence in the management of patients with chronic stable angina as of November 17, 2002.
Abstract: The Clinical Efficacy Assessment Subcommittee of the American College of Physicians–American Society of Internal Medicine acknowledges the scientific validity of this product as a background paper and as a review that captures the levels of evidence in the management of patients with chronic stable angina as of November 17, 2002 The American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) Task Force on Practice Guidelines regularly reviews existing guidelines to determine when an update or a full revision is needed This process gives priority to areas in which major changes in text, and particularly recommendations, are merited on the basis of new understanding or evidence Minor changes in verbiage and references are discouraged The ACC/AHA/American College of Physicians–American Society of Internal Medicine (ACP-ASIM) Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Chronic Stable Angina, which were published in June 1999, have now been updated The full-text guideline incorporating the updated material is available on the Internet (wwwaccorg or wwwamericanheartorg) in both a track-changes version showing the changes in the 1999 guideline in strike-out (deleted text) and highlighting …

1,796 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
27 Nov 2002-JAMA
TL;DR: Substantial evidence indicates that diets using nonhydrogenated unsaturated fats as the predominant form of dietary fat, whole grains as the main form of carbohydrates, an abundance of fruits and vegetables, and adequate omega-3 fatty acids can offer significant protection against CHD.
Abstract: ContextCoronary heart disease (CHD) remains the leading cause of mortality in industrialized countries and is rapidly becoming a primary cause of death worldwide. Thus, identification of the dietary changes that most effectively prevent CHD is critical.ObjectiveTo review metabolic, epidemiologic, and clinical trial evidence regarding diet and CHD prevention.Data Sources and Study SelectionWe searched MEDLINE through May 2002 for epidemiologic and clinical investigations of major dietary factors (fat, cholesterol, omega-3 fatty acids, trans-fatty acids, carbohydrates, glycemic index, fiber, folate, specific foods, and dietary patterns) and CHD. We selected 147 original investigations and reviews of metabolic studies, epidemiologic studies, and dietary intervention trials of diet and CHD.Data ExtractionData were examined for relevance and quality and extracted by 1 of the authors.Data SynthesisCompelling evidence from metabolic studies, prospective cohort studies, and clinical trials in the past several decades indicates that at least 3 dietary strategies are effective in preventing CHD: substitute nonhydrogenated unsaturated fats for saturated and trans-fats; increase consumption of omega-3 fatty acids from fish, fish oil supplements, or plant sources; and consume a diet high in fruits, vegetables, nuts, and whole grains and low in refined grain products. However, simply lowering the percentage of energy from total fat in the diet is unlikely to improve lipid profile or reduce CHD incidence. Many issues remain unsettled, including the optimal amounts of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, the optimal balance between omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fats, the amount and sources of protein, and the effects of individual phytochemicals, antioxidant vitamins, and minerals.ConclusionsSubstantial evidence indicates that diets using nonhydrogenated unsaturated fats as the predominant form of dietary fat, whole grains as the main form of carbohydrates, an abundance of fruits and vegetables, and adequate omega-3 fatty acids can offer significant protection against CHD. Such diets, together with regular physical activity, avoidance of smoking, and maintenance of a healthy body weight, may prevent the majority of cardiovascular disease in Western populations.

1,502 citations

References
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TL;DR: Acceptance of survival as a criterion for measuring the effectiveness of cancer therapy is attested to by the very large number of papers published every year reporting on the survival experience of cancer patients.

2,809 citations