The oxygen consumption of Crangon vulgaris (Fabricius) (Crustacea, natantia) in relation to salinity
TL;DR: It is suggested that this OCR pattern reflects the osmo-regulatory work, as Crangon is a homoiosmotic animal with isotony in 21–23%.
Abstract: The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of the sand-living Crangon vulgaris was measured at various temperatures and salinities. Starvation was found to have no influence on resting OCR, while the active OCR was steadily decreasing. In the temperature range 0–20°C the Q10 was between 2.5 and 3.6, i. e. within the normal range for crustaceans. The OCR was compared for animals weighing 100 ± 10 mg and 200 ± 20 mg (wet weight) at various salinities at the temperatures +6, 13 and 20°C. At all temperatures OCR was found to increase at salinities lower than about 20%, and at +6 and +13°C it also increased at higher salinities, while no significant increase at higher salinities was found at +20°C. It is suggested that this OCR pattern reflects the osmo-regulatory work, as Crangon is a homoiosmotic animal with isotony in 21–23%. Only a small part of the respiratory increase is caused by higher activity at high and low salinities.
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TL;DR: Of three different tissue compartments, abdomen, cephalothorax, and digestive gland, the abdomen contributed the most protein and lipid during 14 days of starvation, while Digestive gland, although containing the largest percentage wet wt of lipid, accounted for only 8.3% of the total lipid in the prawn.
178 citations
TL;DR: The data indicate that the unusual White-crowned Sparrow might survive 3 nights and 2 days without food at air temperatures near freezing, but typical individuals could not be expected to survive longer than 1 day and 2 nights, and suggests that males may be more resistant to winter storms and food deprivation.
Abstract: During winter, ground-feeding bird species may occasionally be forced to fast when weather conditions (e.g., snowstorms, icing) make food temporarily inaccessible. To describe the response of White-crowned Sparrows to fasting, we (1) investigated variations of body weight and temperature in fasting and fed birds confined in a cold room for up to 64 h, and (2) periodically measured oxygen consumption and locomotor activity of fasting and fed birds through a 39-h night/day/night cycle while simulating natural conditions of temperature and daylength. Our data indicate that the unusual White-crowned Sparrow might survive 3 nights and 2 days without food at air temperatures near freezing, but typical individuals could not be expected to survive longer than 1 day and 2 nights. Males lose weight at a greater rate than females, but are able to endure fasting longer because they are initially heavier. This suggests that males may be more resistant to winter storms and food deprivation, and that this attribute may ...
123 citations
01 Jun 1990
TL;DR: It is suggested that the typical pattern for deeper living animals may be that metabolic rates on average vary as a function of depth due primarily to variation in temperature, except for the visually orienting pelagic groups (cephalopods, crustaceans and fishes).
Abstract: The oxygen consumption rates of 11 species of benthic deep-sea decapod crustaceans were measured at a variety of temperatures to test the hypothesis that the metabolic rates of benthic crustaceans decline with increasing depth of occurrence only to the extent explained by the decline in temperature with depth. The species were captured at depths between 150 and 2000m off Southern California using an epibenthic beam trawl equipped with a thermally protecting cod-end to bring the animals to the surface uncontaminated by sediment and at the depth temperature. The data, combined with those for six species of shallower-living crustaceans from California waters, showed a significant decline in oxygen consumption rate with increased species' depths of occurrence, when the measurements were made at temperatures appropriate to each species' depth range. There was no significant relation between wet weight and depth of occurrence in these species. When the data were adjusted to 10°C using a moderate temperature effect factor (corresponding to Q 10 values of 2–2.3 depending on the species and temperature range), the significant relationship between oxygen consumption rate and depth was lost, indicating that the observed decline with depth was due to the decline in temperature with depth. When the relationship between metabolic rate and depth of occurrence for the most active (carideans and penaeid) species were compared (ANCOVA) with that for the rest of the species, the active species had significantly higher rates. By combining this data set with data from the literature for a wide variety of shallow-living benthic decapod crustaceans, it was possible to create a data set of 35 species in which the effects of temperature, minimum depth of occurrence and body mass could be separated by multiple linear regression. This demonstrated highly significant effects of size and temperature, but no significant effect of depth for the entire data set and for the data set excluding penaeids and carideans. In contrast, the carideans showed a significant effect of depth on metabolic rate. This is discussed in terms of the adaptive and selective factors responsible for the well-known decline in metabolic rates of midwater crustaceans and fishes, an effect which does exceed the effect of temperature. It is suggested that the typical pattern for deeper living animals may be that metabolic rates on average vary as a function of depth due primarily to variation in temperature, except for the visually orienting pelagic groups (cephalopods, crustaceans and fishes). For those benthic forms which are particularly visually oriented and/or partially pelagic some significant depth-related decline in metabolism beyond that due to the decline in temperature is expected.
119 citations
TL;DR: The meatabolic response of C. crangon to starvation (although seasonal variations must be considered) appears to depend mainly on high nitrogen requirements.
Abstract: Oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion were measured simultaneously in 25 individual shrimps (C. crangon) every two days during a 30-day imposed starvation.
87 citations
Cites background from "The oxygen consumption of Crangon v..."
...These increases are only significant at moult stages A or B1 as previously demonstrated (ammonia excretion : Regnault 1979 ; oxygen consumption: Hagerman 1970; Silva-Correia and Regnault 1980)....
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...This could result from too short a period of observation (Hagerman 1970) but could also indicate another response pattern to starvation as suggested by Kotaiah and Rajabai (1975)....
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01 Jan 1941
TL;DR: Having more aspects to know and understand will lead you to become someone more precious, and becoming precious can be situated with the presentation of how your knowledge much.
Abstract: Of course, from childhood to forever, we are always thought to love reading. It is not only reading the lesson book but also reading everything good is the choice of getting new inspirations. Religion, sciences, politics, social, literature, and fictions will enrich you for not only one aspect. Having more aspects to know and understand will lead you become someone more precious. Yea, becoming precious can be situated with the presentation of how your knowledge much.
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328 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that the intertidal invertebrates studied have a “basal metabolic rate” with a Q10 of approximately one over much of the normal environmental temperature range and in this respect are well suited to life in a habitat where rapid fluctuations in temperature occur.
Abstract: Measurements by nieans of an oxygen electrode of the rate of oxygen consumption of a wide variety of common intertidal invertebrates show that at least two rates of uptake can be distinguished in the intact animal. First, there is a rapid rate of oxygen uptake corresponding with activity and second there is a slower rate which corresponds with periods of quiescence and which alternates with the fast rate. Intermediate rates correspond with intermediate rates of overt activity. The maximal and minimal rates of oxygen uptake are affected differently by temperature change. The fast rate corresponding to activity (“active metabolism”) increases with temperature in approximate agreement with Arrhenius's law. The slow rate corresponding to quiescence (“maintenance metabolism”) does not vary with temperature over much of the range 7 to 22.5°C. It is concluded that, contrary to common belief, the intertidal invertebrates studied have a “basal metabolic rate” with a Q10 of approximately one over much of the normal environmental temperature range and in this respect are well suited to life in a habitat where rapid fluctuations in temperature occur.
148 citations