The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Development and validation.
Citations
3,695 citations
3,661 citations
Cites background from "The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Dev..."
...Pain catastrophizing is considered an exaggerated negative orientation toward noxious stimuli, and has been shown to mediate distress reactions to painful stimulation (Sullivan et al., 1995)....
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2,222 citations
Cites background or methods or result from "The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Dev..."
...It has been shown that catastrophizing is associated with high levels of situational anxiety, anger, and sadness.(3) These transient subclinical states of emotional distress could be the vehicle through which catastrophizing impacts on pain experience....
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...Confounded measurement and construct redundancy In experimental and clinical samples, catastrophizing has been shown to be significantly correlated with depression, state and trait anxiety, fear of pain, and copingeffectiveness.(3,14,19) At times, the magnitude of correlations among these measures has been sufficiently high to question their operational and conceptual distinctiveness....
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...Prospective studies showing that catastrophizing, measured in a pain-free state, predicts future pain responses suggest that catastrophizing does not require the experience of pain for schema activation.(3,23) However, it must be recognized that pain may not be the only negative life event that can activate a pain schema and that schema activation may not be an all-or-none phenomenon....
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...It has also been suggested that catastrophizers may possess “pain schema” containing excessively negative information about pain-related experiences, and pessimistic beliefs about pain or the ability to cope with pain.(3,10) As a function of a learning history characterized by heightened pain experience, catastrophizers may develop expectancies about the high threat value of painful stimuli and about their inability to effectively manage the stress associated with painful experiences....
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...distress.(2,3,11) Catastrophizing has been broadly con-...
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1,900 citations
Cites background from "The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Dev..."
...…related to higher pain intensity in a variety of situations, e.g. during a subsequent painful procedure (Edwards et al., 2004; Pavlin et al., 2005; Sullivan et al., 1995; Sullivan and Neish, 1999; Sullivan et al., 2004; Vlaeyen et al., 2004b), after an operation (Granot and Ferber, 2005), and in…...
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1,713 citations
References
37,447 citations
"The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Dev..." refers background in this paper
...…model linking the different dimensions of catastrophizing, at a descriptive level, magnification, rumination , and helplessness share features with primary and secondary appraisal processes that have been discussed in relation to coping with stress (Jensen et al., 1991; Lazarus and Folkman, 1984)....
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...Although the present study was not intended as a test of a particular theoretical model linking the different dimensions of catastrophizing, at a descriptive level, magnification, rumination, and helplessness share features with primary and secondary appraisal processes that have been discussed in relation to coping with stress (Jensen et al., 1991; Lazarus and Folkman, 1984)....
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37,235 citations
"The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Dev..." refers methods in this paper
...Coefficient alpha for the total PCS was .87 (Cronbach, 1951 )....
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35,176 citations
"The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Dev..." refers methods in this paper
...Depression was measured with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; Beck, Ward, Mendelson, Mock, & Erbaugh, 1961 ), and trait anxiety was measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait Form (STAI; Speilberger, Gorsuch, & Lushene, 1970)....
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34,482 citations
24,997 citations
"The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Dev..." refers methods in this paper
...Depression was measured with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; Beck, Ward, Mendelson, Mock, & Erbaugh, 1961),and trait anxiety was measured using the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory–Trait Form (STAI; Speilberger, Gorsuch, & Lushene, 1970)....
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