The Pandemic of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Need for an Immediate Action
01 May 2020-Vol. 2, Iss: 1
TL;DR: It is time to bring collective efforts to treat or prevent a rapidly evolving pandemic of COVID-19.
Abstract: Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses. Coronavirus also called COVID-19 is a new disease that has not been previously identified in humans. The World Health Organization has announced that COVID-19 is a pandemic. Currently there is no specific vaccine or treatment for COVID-19. Current treatment for COVID-19 is only supportive (treating the symptoms). There are no antiviral or vaccine options currently. Therefore, it is time to bring collective efforts to treat or prevent a rapidly evolving pandemic of COVID-19.
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TL;DR: Taking into account the multifunctional properties of MSCs, the proposed stem-cell-based therapy may be proven significantly effective in critically-ill COVID-19 patients and decrease the mortality rate of the current disease.
Abstract: Mesenchymal stromal cells as potential immunomodulatory players in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection
21 citations
TL;DR: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are naturally phospholipid enclosed nanoveicles released by many cells in the body as discussed by the authors, which are stable in circulation, have low immunogenicity, and act as carriers for functionally active biological molecules.
Abstract: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are naturally phospholipid enclosed nanovesicles released by many cells in the body. They are stable in circulation, have low immunogenicity, and act as carriers for functionally active biological molecules. They interact with target organs and bind to the receptors. Their target specificity is important to use EVs as noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic tools. EVs play a vital role in normal physiology and cellular communication. They are known to protect their cargo from degradation, which makes them important drug carriers for targeted drug delivery. Using EVs with markers and tracking their path in systemic circulation can be revolutionary in using them as diagnostic tools. We will discuss the scope of this in this paper. Although there are limitations in EVs isolation and storage, their high biocompatibility will fuel more innovations to overcome these challenges.
17 citations
TL;DR: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as potential mediators of intercellular communication as discussed by the authors and hold great promise for therapeutic treatments, particularly in treating a potentially fatal autoimmune response and attenuate inflammation.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the advanced bubble-based drug-delivery system, integrated with artificial intelligence for guidance, holds great promise for the targeted delivery of drugs and medicines, which can effectively circulate through the whole body safely and efficiently to reach the target area.
Abstract: Microbubbles are nanosized gas-filled bubbles. They are used in clinical diagnostics, in medical imaging, as contrast agents in ultrasound imaging, and as transporters for targeted drug delivery. They can also be used to treat thrombosis, neoplastic diseases, open arteries and vascular plaques and for localized transport of chemotherapies in cancer patients. Microbubbles can be filled with any type of therapeutics, cure agents, growth factors, extracellular vesicles, exosomes, miRNAs, and drugs. Microbubbles protect their cargo from immune attack because of their specialized encapsulated shell composed of lipid and protein. Filled with curative medicine, they could effectively circulate through the whole body safely and efficiently to reach the target area. The advanced bubble-based drug-delivery system, integrated with artificial intelligence for guidance, holds great promise for the targeted delivery of drugs and medicines.
12 citations
TL;DR: The coronavirus also called SARS-COV-2 showed highly pathogenic, caused severe or even life-threatening diseases and needed further investigation to determine its cause.
Abstract: Corona virus are enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses with
nucleo capsid [1,2]. So far it appears that COVID-19 predominantly...
9 citations
Cites background from "The Pandemic of Novel Coronavirus D..."
...Short Review Coronavirus are enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses with nucleocapsid [1-3]....
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References
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TL;DR: The outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has induced a considerable degree of fear, emotional stress and anxiety among individuals around the world.
Abstract: The outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has induced a considerable degree of fear, emotional stress and anxiety among individuals around t
8,336 citations
"The Pandemic of Novel Coronavirus D..." refers background in this paper
...COVID-19 can transmit quite efficiently and can kill children, healthy adults in addition to the aged population with existing health problems [4]....
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...The entire world now faces an immediate crisis, and rapidly imposing new challenges on the health care system [2,4]....
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...The symptoms of COVID-19 illnesses have ranged from mild to severe fever, cough, and shortness of breath [3,4]....
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TL;DR: It is demonstrating that cross-neutralizing antibodies targeting conserved S epitopes can be elicited upon vaccination, and it is shown that SARS-CoV-2 S uses ACE2 to enter cells and that the receptor-binding domains of Sars- coV- 2 S and SARS S bind with similar affinities to human ACE2, correlating with the efficient spread of SATS among humans.
7,219 citations
"The Pandemic of Novel Coronavirus D..." refers background in this paper
...It has been described that coronaviruses use spike protein, or S-protein for entry into the cells [11]....
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...The structure of the ACE2 receptor protein, on the surfaces of respiratory cells, interact with spike protein to enter the cells (Figure 1) [11]....
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TL;DR: Despite rigorous global containment and quarantine efforts, the incidence of COVID-19 continues to rise, with 90,870 laboratory-confirmed cases and over 3,000 deaths worldwide.
4,124 citations
TL;DR: This study describes possible transmission of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from an asymptomatic Wuhan resident to 5 family members in Anyang, a Chinese city in the neighboring province of Hubei.
Abstract: This study describes possible transmission of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from an asymptomatic Wuhan resident to 5 family members in Anyang, a Chinese city in the neighboring province of Hubei.
3,818 citations
"The Pandemic of Novel Coronavirus D..." refers background in this paper
...The symptoms of COVID-19 illnesses have ranged from mild to severe fever, cough, and shortness of breath [3,4]....
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Aiping Wu1, Yousong Peng2, Baoying Huang3, Xiao Ding1, Xianyue Wang1, Peihua Niu3, Jing Meng1, Zhaozhong Zhu2, Zheng Zhang2, Jiangyuan Wang1, Jie Sheng1, Lijun Quan4, Zanxian Xia5, Wenjie Tan3, Genhong Cheng6, Taijiao Jiang1 •
TL;DR: An in-depth annotation of the newly discovered coronavirus (2019-nCoV) genome has revealed differences between 2019-n coV and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) or SARS-like coronaviruses.
1,864 citations
"The Pandemic of Novel Coronavirus D..." refers background in this paper
...Scientists sequenced the genome of the virus and developed several promising vaccine candidates for clinical trials [5]....
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...Even though there is a lack of functional data, the researchers sequenced the genome of the virus and developed several promising vaccine candidates for clinical trials [5]....
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