The Phonology of Dutch

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The Phonology of Dutch

Book•

The Phonology of Dutch

01 Jan 1995-

TL;DR: The sounds of Dutch: Phonetic characterization and phonological representation 3. The prosodic structure of words 4. Word phonology 5. Word stress 6. Connected speech I: word phonology 7. Sentence phonology 8. Cliticization 9. Orthography

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Abstract: 1. Introduction 2. The sounds of Dutch: Phonetic characterization and phonological representation 3. The prosodic structure of words 4. Word phonology 5. Word stress 6. Connected speech I: Word phonology 7. Connected speech II: Sentence phonology 8. Connected speech III: Cliticization 9. Orthography

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Journal Article•DOI•

A theory of lexical access in speech production.

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Willem J. M. Levelt¹, Ardi Roelofs², Antje S. Meyer¹•Institutions (2)

Max Planck Society¹, University of Exeter²

01 Feb 1999-Behavioral and Brain Sciences

TL;DR: The model can handle some of the main observations in the domain of speech errors (the major empirical domain for most other theories of lexical access), and the theory opens new ways of approaching the cerebral organization of speech production by way of high-temporal-resolution imaging.

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Abstract: Preparing words in speech production is normally a fast and accurate process. We generate them two or three per second in fluent conversation; and overtly naming a clear picture of an object can easily be initiated within 600 msec after picture onset. The underlying process, however, is exceedingly complex. The theory reviewed in this target article analyzes this process as staged and feed-forward. After a first stage of conceptual preparation, word generation proceeds through lexical selection, morphological and phonological encoding, phonetic encoding, and articulation itself. In addition, the speaker exerts some degree of output control, by monitoring of self-produced internal and overt speech. The core of the theory, ranging from lexical selection to the initiation of phonetic encoding, is captured in a computational model, called WEAVER++. Both the theory and the computational model have been developed in interaction with reaction time experiments, particularly in picture naming or related word production paradigms, with the aim of accounting for the real-time processing in normal word production. A comprehensive review of theory, model, and experiments is presented. The model can handle some of the main observations in the domain of speech errors (the major empirical domain for most other theories of lexical access), and the theory opens new ways of approaching the cerebral organization of speech production by way of high-temporal-resolution imaging.

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3,958 citations

Proceedings Article•DOI•

A theory of lexical access in speech production

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Willem J. M. Levelt¹•Institutions (1)

Max Planck Society¹

05 Aug 1996

TL;DR: The authors focused on experimental reaction time evidence in support of the theory and showed that the speaker monitors the output and self-corrects, if necessary, selfcorrecting to correct the output.

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Abstract: The generation of words in speech involves a number of processing stages. There is, first, a stage of conceptual preparation; this is followed by stages of lexical selection, phonological encoding, phonetic encoding and articulation. In addition, the speaker monitors the output and, if necessary, self-corrects. Major parts of the theory have been computer modelled. The paper concentrates on experimental reaction time evidence in support of the theory.

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2,508 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

The smooth signal redundancy hypothesis: a functional explanation for relationships between redundancy, prosodic prominence, and duration in spontaneous speech.

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Matthew P. Aylett¹, Alice Turk¹•Institutions (1)

University of Edinburgh¹

01 Mar 2004-Language and Speech

TL;DR: The results of linear regressions carried out between measures of redundancy, syllable duration and prosodic structure in a large corpus of spontaneous speech confirm an inverse relationship between language redundancy and duration, and a strong relationship between prosodic prominence and duration.

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Abstract: This paper explores two related factors which influence variation in duration, prosodic structure and redundancy in spontaneous speech. We argue that the constraint of producing robust communication while efficiently expending articulatory effort leads to an inverse relationship between language redundancy and duration. The inverse relationship improves communication robustness by spreading information more evenly across the speech signal, yielding a smoother signal redundancy profile. We argue that prosodic prominence is a linguistic means of achieving smooth signal redundancy. Prosodic prominence increases syllable duration and coincides to a large extent with unpredictable sections of speech, and thus leads to a smoother signal redundancy. The results of linear regressions carried out between measures of redundancy, syllable duration and prosodic structure in a large corpus of spontaneous speech confirm: (1) an inverse relationship between language redundancy and duration, and (2) a strong relationship between prosodic prominence and duration. The fact that a large proportion of the variance predicted by language redundancy and prosodic prominence is nonunique suggests that, in English, prosodic prominence structure is the means with which constraints caused by a robust signal requirement are expressed in spontaneous speech.

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603 citations

Cites background from "The Phonology of Dutch"

...Fidelholtz (1975) and Booij (1995) both argue for a word frequency effect on vowel reduction in content words, in a direction pointing towards shorter durations for high frequency words as compared to low frequency words. Bell et al. (2002) offer experimental support for this view from segment durations....
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...Fidelholtz (1975) and Booij (1995) both argue for a word frequency effect on vowel reduction in content words, in a direction pointing towards shorter durations for high frequency words as compared to low frequency words....
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...Fidelholtz (1975) and Booij (1995) both argue for a word frequency effect on vowel reduction in content words, in a direction pointing towards shorter durations for high frequency words as compared to low frequency words. Bell et al. (2002) offer experimental support for this view from segment durations. Pan and Hirschberg (2000) showed that word bigram predictability affected phrasal stress...
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Journal Article•DOI•

The WEAVER model of word-form encoding in speech production

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Ardi Roelofs¹•Institutions (1)

Max Planck Society¹

01 Sep 1997-Cognition

TL;DR: A comprehensive model of the second access step, word-form encoding, called WEAVER (Word-form Encoding by Activation and VERification), which is able to provide accounts of response time data, particularly from the picture-word interference paradigm and the implicit priming paradigm.

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487 citations

Cites background from "The Phonology of Dutch"

...Clitics are function words such as pronouns, determiners, particles, auxiliary verbs, prepositions, and conjunctions, which unlike words of major lexical categories, are phonologically dependent on a host (e.g., Booij, 1995; Levelt, 1989)....
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...The on-line syllabification takes neighboring morphemes and words into account in that syllable positions are computed for phonological words rather than for lexical ones (Booij, 1983, 1995; McCarthy and Prince, 1990)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Sympathy and phonological opacity

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John J. McCarthy¹•Institutions (1)

University of Massachusetts Amherst¹

01 Dec 1999-Phonology

TL;DR: Any theory with the pre-eminence of the chronological metaphor is called ‘serialism’: the underlying form is transformed into a succession of distinct, accessible intermediate representations on its way to the surface.

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Abstract: A central idea in rule-based phonology is the serial derivation (Chomsky & Halle 1968). In a serial derivation, an underlying form passes through a number of intermediate representations on its way to the surface:[Scheme here]Implementational details can differ: the order of rules might be stipulated or it might be derived from universal principles; the steps might be called ‘rules’, ‘cycles’ or ‘levels’; the steps might involve applying rules or enforcing constraints. But, details aside, the defining characteristic of a serial derivation, in the sense I will employ here, is the pre-eminence of the chronological metaphor: the underlying form is transformed into a succession of distinct, accessible intermediate representations on its way to the surface. I will call any theory with this property ‘serialism’.

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402 citations

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References

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Open Access

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Book•

The Sound Pattern of English

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Noam Chomsky, Morris Halle

01 Jan 1968

TL;DR: Since this classic work in phonology was published in 1968, there has been no other book that gives as broad a view of the subject, combining generally applicable theoretical contributions with analysis of the details of a single language.

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Abstract: Since this classic work in phonology was published in 1968, there has been no other book that gives as broad a view of the subject, combining generally applicable theoretical contributions with analysis of the details of a single language. The theoretical issues raised in The Sound Pattern of English continue to be critical to current phonology, and in many instances the solutions proposed by Chomsky and Halle have yet to be improved upon.Noam Chomsky and Morris Halle are Institute Professors of Linguistics and Philosophy at MIT.

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6,350 citations

"The Phonology of Dutch" refers background in this paper

...5 Following Liberman and Prince (1977), Prince (1983), Selkirk (1984ft), and Halle and Vergnaud (1987) I will represent the stress pattern of a word by means of a grid....
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...' (Halle and Clements 19X.L 6.) 14 Alternatively, one may assume that some features arc privative or monovalent. For instance, Mestcr and ltd (19X0) and Lombardi (1991) proposed that the feature |voice| is a privative feature....
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Book•

Autosegmental and Metrical Phonology

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John Goldsmith

01 Jan 1979

TL;DR: Autosegmental representation the skeletal tier the syllable metrical phonology lexical phonology further issues as discussed by the authors, which is not the case in this paper, are discussed.

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Abstract: Autosegmental representation the skeletal tier the syllable metrical phonology lexical phonology further issues.

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1,035 citations

Journal Article•

A prosodic theory of nonconcatenative morphology

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John J. McCarthy

01 Jan 1981-Linguistic Inquiry

776 citations

"The Phonology of Dutch" refers background in this paper

...Mesler and It6 (1989), Mohanan (1991), McCarthy and Taub (1992). and Hall (1993) for a critical evaluation of theories of underspecification....
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Book•

A metrical theory of stress rules

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Bruce Hayes

01 Jan 1981

TL;DR: Thesis (PhD) as mentioned in this paper, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept of Linguistics and Philosophy, 1980, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, United States, USA.

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Abstract: Thesis (PhD)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept of Linguistics and Philosophy, 1980

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574 citations

"The Phonology of Dutch" refers background or methods in this paper

...19 Note that in this case the Linking Constraint proposed by Hayes (1986): 'Association lines in structural descriptions are interpreted as exhaustive', also makes the correct prediction, as is pointed out by Van der Hulst (1985)....
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...2h In Visch (1989: 126) Trochaic Reversal is analysed in the tree-cum-grid framework of Hayes (1984). This means lhai the grid functions primarily as an intcrpretational device....
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...19 Note that in this case the Linking Constraint proposed by Hayes (1986): 'Association lines in structural descriptions are interpreted as exhaustive', also makes the correct prediction, as is pointed out by Van der Hulst (1985). However, as we will see in Chapter 4, the Linking Constraint also incorrectly blocks the application of Final Devoicing to voiced obstruent clusters—which share the feature 1+voice]—in coda position....
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...Levin (1985) (syllable as X-bar projection of nucleus), and in Hyman (1985), Zee (1988), and Hayes (1989) (syllables consisting of morae)....
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Dissertation•

The representation of features and relations in non-linear phonology

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Elizabeth Caroline Sagey

01 Jan 1986

TL;DR: Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 1986.

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Abstract: Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 1986.

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552 citations

"The Phonology of Dutch" refers background in this paper

...Since in the articulation of vowels the lips are also involved, these vowels will also be specified for the class node Labial, with the feature [round] dependent on this class node (Sagey 1986)....
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