Book•
The power of identity
01 Jan 1997-
TL;DR: In this paper, Castells describes the origins, purpose and effect of proactive movements, such as feminism and environmentalism, which aim to transform human relationships at their most fundamental level; and reactive movements that build trenches of resistance on behalf of God, nation, ethnicity, family, or locality.
Abstract: From the Publisher:
Manuel Castells describes the origins, purpose and effect of proactive movements, such as feminism and environmentalism, which aim to transform human relationships at their most fundamental level; and of reactive movements that build trenches of resistance on behalf of God, nation, ethnicity, family, or locality.
The fundamental categories of existence, the author shows, are threatened by the combined, contradictory assault of techno-economic forces and transformative social movements, each using the new power of the media to promote their ambitions. Caught between these opposing trends, he argues, the nation-state is called into question, drawing into its crisis the very notion of political democracy. The author moves thematically between the United States, Western Europe, Russia, Mexico, Bolivia, the Islamic World, China, and Japan, seeking to understand a variety of social processes that are, he contends, closely inter-related in function and meaning.
This is a book of profound importance for understanding how the world will be transformed by the beginning of the next century.
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Book•
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TL;DR: The Uses of Heritage as mentioned in this paper explores the use of heritage throughout the world and argues that heritage value is not inherent in physical objects or places, but rather that these objects and places are used to give tangibility to the values that underpin different communities and to assert and affirm these values.
Abstract: Examining international case studies including USA, Asia, Australia and New Zealand, Laurajane Smith identifies and explores the use of heritage throughout the world.
Challenging the idea that heritage value is self-evident, and that things must be preserved because they have an inherent importance, Smith forcefully demonstrates that heritage value is not inherent in physical objects or places, but rather that these objects and places are used to give tangibility to the values that underpin different communities and to assert and affirm these values.
A practically grounded accessible examination of heritage as a cultural practice, The Uses of Heritage is global in its benefit to students and field professionals alike.
2,516 citations
Cites background from "The power of identity"
...Some commentators assert that the increasing debate in the West about intangible heritage is due to a late twentieth-century re-evaluation of modernity, and an increasing concern with the local in response to fears of globalization (Deacon et al. 2004: 10; see also Berking 2003; Castells 2004)....
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...The literature on globalization has made strong claims about the localizing affects of this process, whereby the local has become a greater focus in terms of identity work (Chang et al. 1996; Escobar 2001; Berking 2003; Castells 2004)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a new framework by which to understand HIV and AIDS-related stigma and its effects, highlighting the manner in which stigma feeds upon, strengthens and reproduces existing inequalities of class, race, gender and sexuality.
2,293 citations
TL;DR: Collective identity has been treated as an alternative to structurally given interests in accounting for the claims on behalf of which people mobilize, an alternative alternative to selective incentives in understanding why people participate, a alternative to instrumental rationality in explaining what tactical choices activists make, and a complementary alternative to institutional reforms in assessing movements' impacts.
Abstract: ■ Abstract Sociologists have turned to collective identity to fill gaps in resource mobilization and political process accounts of the emergence, trajectories, and impacts of social movements. Collective identity has been treated as an alternative to structurally given interests in accounting for the claims on behalf of which people mobilize, an alternative to selective incentives in understanding why people participate, an alternative to instrumental rationality in explaining what tactical choices activists make, and an alternative to institutional reforms in assessing movements’ impacts. Collective identity has been treated both too broadly and too narrowly, sometimes applied to too many dynamics, at other times made into a residual category within structuralist, state-centered, and rationalist accounts.
2,185 citations
Cites background from "The power of identity"
...…local autonomy, homosexuality, and feminism that seemed to be displacing class-based political mobilization in Western Europe in the 1970s and 1980s (Touraine 1981, 1985, Melucci 1985, 1989, Offe 1985, Castells 1997, Laclau & Mouffe 1985, Cohen 1985, as well as Larafta et al's 1994 overview)....
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...New social movement theorists saw a profoundly changed social formation behind these novel forms of collective action, variously dubbed "postindustrial," "programmed" (Touraine 1981), "information" (Melucci 1996), or "network" (Castells 1997) society....
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TL;DR: A review of recent research across several disciplines not surprisingly finds a wide variety of descriptions surrounding meanings, processes, scales and methods concerning the notion of transnationalism as discussed by the authors, and several clusters or themes are suggested by way of disentangling the term.
Abstract: A review of recent research across several disciplines not surprisingly finds a wide variety of descriptions surrounding meanings, processes, scales and methods concerning the notion of 'transnationalism'. Here, several clusters or themes are suggested by way of disentangling the term. These include transnationalism as a social morphology, as a type of consciousness, as a mode of cultural reproduction, as an avenue of capital, as a site of political engagement, and as a reconstruction of 'place' or locality. These and other approaches to transnationalism are being explored in a newly commissioned ESRC research programme on Transnational Communities (see http:// www.transcomm.ox.ac.uk).
1,628 citations
Cites background from "The power of identity"
...…and communications technologies make possible rapid and far-reaching forms of information dissemination, publicity and feedback, mobilization of support, enhancement of public participation and political organization, and lobbying of intergovernmental organizations (see Alger 1997; Castells 1997)....
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References
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Book•
01 Jan 1979
TL;DR: In this article, a social critic of the judgement of taste is presented, and a "vulgar" critic of 'pure' criticiques is proposed to counter this critique.
Abstract: Preface to the English-Language Edition Introduction Part 1: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste 1. The Aristocracy of Culture Part 2: The Economy of Practices 2. The Social Space and its Transformations 3. The Habitus and the Space of Life-Styles 4. The Dynamics of Fields Part 3: Class Tastes and Life-Styles 5. The Sense of Distinction 6. Cultural Good Will 7. The Choice of the Necessary 8. Culture and Politics Conclusion: Classes and Classifications Postscript: Towards a 'Vulgar' Critique of 'Pure' Critiques Appendices Notes Credits Index
23,806 citations
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: Bourdieu as mentioned in this paper develops a theory of practice which is simultaneously a critique of the methods and postures of social science and a general account of how human action should be understood.
Abstract: Outline of a Theory of Practice is recognized as a major theoretical text on the foundations of anthropology and sociology. Pierre Bourdieu, a distinguished French anthropologist, develops a theory of practice which is simultaneously a critique of the methods and postures of social science and a general account of how human action should be understood. With his central concept of the habitus, the principle which negotiates between objective structures and practices, Bourdieu is able to transcend the dichotomies which have shaped theoretical thinking about the social world. The author draws on his fieldwork in Kabylia (Algeria) to illustrate his theoretical propositions. With detailed study of matrimonial strategies and the role of rite and myth, he analyses the dialectical process of the 'incorporation of structures' and the objectification of habitus, whereby social formations tend to reproduce themselves. A rigorous consistent materialist approach lays the foundations for a theory of symbolic capital and, through analysis of the different modes of domination, a theory of symbolic power.
21,227 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1994
TL;DR: Massey as discussed by the authors rastrea el desarrollo de ideas sobre la estructura social del espacio y el lugar, and the relacion of ambos con cuestiones de genero and ciertos debates dentro del feminismo.
Abstract: En estos dias de aceleracion global por un lado e intensificacion de los nacionalismos locales por otro, ?como deberiamos pensar en el espacio y el lugar? Este nuevo libro reune los escritos clave de Doreen Massey sobre este debate. En el argumenta que hemos visto algunas lecturas problematicas de ambos terminos en los ultimos anos, y propone un enfoque alternativo mas adecuado a los problemas que enfrentan las ciencias sociales en la actualidad. Massey ha organizado estos debates en torno a los tres temas de espacio, lugar y genero. Ella rastrea el desarrollo de ideas sobre la estructura social del espacio y el lugar, y la relacion de ambos con cuestiones de genero y ciertos debates dentro del feminismo. Comenzando con la economia y las estructuras sociales de produccion, Massey desarrolla una nocion mas amplia de espacialidad como producto de la interseccion de las relaciones sociales. Sobre esta base propone un enfoque de los "lugares" esencialmente abierto e hibrido, pero siempre provisional y controvertido. Los temas se entrecruzan con gran parte del pensamiento actual sobre la identidad dentro del feminismo y los estudios culturales. Los capitulos van desde estudios de los conceptos de lugar empleados en debates sobre desarrollo regional desigual y problemas del centro de la ciudad hasta argumentos sobre la relacion entre la conceptualizacion del espacio / lugar y la construccion social de las relaciones de genero.
5,063 citations
2,974 citations
Book•
04 Apr 1996
TL;DR: Hall and Donald as discussed by the authors discuss the history of identity in a short history from Pilgrim to tourist, from Tourist to Tourist, and the role of identity as a marker of identity.
Abstract: Introduction - Stuart Hall Who Needs 'Identity'? From Pilgrim to Tourist - or a Short History of Identity - Zygmunt Bauman Enabling Identity? - Marilyn Strathern Biology, Choice and the New Reproductive Technologies Culture's In-Between - Homi K Bhabha Interrupting Identities - Kevin Robins Turkey/Europe Identity and Cultural Studies - Is That All There Is? - Lawrence Grossberg Music and Identity - Simon Frith Identity, Genealogy, History - Nikolas Rose Organizing Identity - Paul du Gay Entrepreneurial Governance and Public Management The Citizen and the Man about Town - James Donald
2,090 citations