The pre-Columbian cemetery Río Salado-Coronda and the low-level food production explored by stable isotopes in the Paraná basin, South America
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of δ13C and δ15N from individuals buried in the pre-Columbian cemetery of Rio Salado-Coronda, which correspond to complex hunter-gatherer of the middle basin of the Parana River, Argentina (South America), were integrated with previously published values in order to discuss the local low-level food production based on stable isotopes.
About: This article is published in Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.The article was published on 2021-02-01. It has received 7 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Trophic level.
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01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of diet on the distribution of nitrogen isotopes in animals was investigated by analyzing animals grown in the laboratory on diets of constant nitrogen isotopic composition and found that the variability of the relationship between the δ^(15)N values of animals and their diets is greater for different individuals raised on the same diet than for the same species raised on different diets.
Abstract: The influence of diet on the distribution of nitrogen isotopes in animals was investigated by analyzing animals grown in the laboratory on diets of constant nitrogen isotopic composition.
The isotopic composition of the nitrogen in an animal reflects the nitrogen isotopic composition of its diet. The δ^(15)N values of the whole bodies of animals are usually more positive than those of their diets. Different individuals of a species raised on the same diet can have significantly different δ^(15)N values. The variability of the relationship between the δ^(15)N values of animals and their diets is greater for different species raised on the same diet than for the same species raised on different diets. Different tissues of mice are also enriched in ^(15)N relative to the diet, with the difference between the δ^(15)N values of a tissue and the diet depending on both the kind of tissue and the diet involved. The δ^(15)N values of collagen and chitin, biochemical components that are often preserved in fossil animal remains, are also related to the δ^(15)N value of the diet.
The dependence of the δ^(15)N values of whole animals and their tissues and biochemical components on the δ^(15)N value of diet indicates that the isotopic composition of animal nitrogen can be used to obtain information about an animal's diet if its potential food sources had different δ^(15)N values. The nitrogen isotopic method of dietary analysis probably can be used to estimate the relative use of legumes vs non-legumes or of aquatic vs terrestrial organisms as food sources for extant and fossil animals. However, the method probably will not be applicable in those modern ecosystems in which the use of chemical fertilizers has influenced the distribution of nitrogen isotopes in food sources.
The isotopic method of dietary analysis was used to reconstruct changes in the diet of the human population that occupied the Tehuacan Valley of Mexico over a 7000 yr span. Variations in the δ^(15)C and δ^(15)N values of bone collagen suggest that C_4 and/or CAM plants (presumably mostly corn) and legumes (presumably mostly beans) were introduced into the diet much earlier than suggested by conventional archaeological analysis.
5,548 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, an analisis de fitolitos in el marco de otros bioindicadores of los depositos superiores de la secuencia sedimentaria antropica del sitio Los Tres Cerros 1 (LTC1, isla Las Moras, Departamento Victoria, Entre Rios, Argentina).
Abstract: El registro de microfosiles biosiliceos posee un alto grado de preservacion en distintos contextos naturales y culturales. Por esta razon, el estudio de los fitolitos y otros microrrestos biosiliceos puede contribuir a determinar las condiciones ambientales de las comunidades vegetales que rodearon un sitio arqueologico, asi como tambien identificar especies vegetales domesticadas. En esta contribucion se realizo el analisis de fitolitos en el marco de otros bioindicadores de los depositos superiores de la secuencia sedimentaria antropica del sitio Los Tres Cerros 1 (LTC1, isla Las Moras, Departamento Victoria, Entre Rios, Argentina). Los analisis desarrollados permitieron identificar morfotipos siliceos relacionados con la presencia de vegetales silvestres que caracterizan a la unidad fitogeografica actual del area de emplazamiento, y morfotipos siliceos asignables a recursos vegetales de interes cultural, pertenecientes a las familias Arecaceae, Cucurbitaceae, y Poaceae (subfamilias Maideae y Oryzoideae). El registro de microfosiles biosiliceos del perfil del sitio LTC1 tiene un cambio neto que puede ser correlacionado con diferentes actividades culturales desempenadas durante el proceso de construccion del monticulo, que tuvo lugar durante ca.1000 - 500 anos 14 C AP.
4 citations
01 Oct 2016
TL;DR: Balducci et al. as mentioned in this paper presented a study of the relationship between the Litoral and the Nederland region of Argentina with the Grupo de Investigaciones Arqueologicas del Nordeste.
Abstract: Fil: Balducci, Fernando. Fundacion Arqueologica del Litoral. Grupo de Investigaciones Arqueologicas del Nordeste; Argentina
2 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors carried out bone isotope analyses concerning δ13 C in collagen and apatite, the spacing between both carbon sources and δ15 N in a sample of 23 subadult and adult individuals of both sexes recovered from Late Holocene archaeological sites.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE In this study, we analyze breastfeeding and weaning practices in pre-Columbian complex hunter-gatherers from the lower Parana River basin (South America). MATERIALS AND METHODS We carried out bone isotope analyses concerning δ13 C in collagen and apatite, the spacing between both carbon sources and δ15 N in a sample of 23 subadult and adult individuals of both sexes recovered from Late Holocene archaeological sites, ranging from 1665 ± 45 to 680 ± 80 14 C years BP. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results indicate that exclusive breastfeeding continued until the age of ~2 years, and weaning probably until 4 years of age. Supplementary foods included C3 plants and probably animal fats and C4 carbohydrates. A high fractionation of 4.9‰ in δ15 N values was recognized between breastfeeding infants and adult females, perhaps reflecting episodic hyper-protein diets in women linked to men's food provisioning during women's gestational/postpartum period. Additionally, male adults present a higher protein intake than females. Although this difference is not statistically significant with the current sample size, it could be a clue related to a sexual division in food procurement.
1 citations
04 Sep 2014
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present results of an estudio of the restos arqueofaunisticos procedentes del Sitio Paso del Tala (Goya, Corrientes, Argentina) in el sector de islas de la llanura aluvial del Parana medio.
Abstract: Resumen En este trabajo se presentan los resultados del estudio de los restos arqueofaunisticos procedentes del Sitio Paso del Tala (Goya, Corrientes, Argentina). Los mismos evidencian la ocupacion por parte de grupos cazadores-recolectores-pescadores en el sector de islas de la llanura aluvial del Parana medio durante el Holoceno tardio (356 ± 41 anos AP -NSF-Arizona AMS Laboratory; AA99792; carbon; δ 13 C = -27,5-). Se realizo la estimacion de la composicion anatomica y taxonomica de los conjuntos. Se examinaron diferentes aspectos tafonomicos y se evaluaron las modificaciones antropicas. Los resultados indican que los taxa que habrian sido mas explotados por estos grupos estan representados principalmente por aquellos caracteristicos de los ambientes fluviales de la zona. Entre ellos se destaca la presencia de especimenes correspondientes a distintas especies de peces, seguidos por mamiferos y roedores, entre los que se destaca la presencia de Hydrochaerus hydrochaeris . Los trabajos de campo permitieron recuperar ademas del material faunistico, objeto de analisis en el presente trabajo, abundante cantidad de material ceramico, seguido por restos de carbon, material litico, entre otros.
1 citations
References
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Book•
01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: The structure of rugged fitness landscapes and the structure of adaptive landscapes underlying protein evolution, and the architecture of genetic regulatory circuits and its evolution.
Abstract: 1. Conceptual outline of current evolutionary theory PART I: ADAPTATION ON THE EDGE OF CHAOS 2. The structure of rugged fitness landscapes 3. Biological implications of rugged fitness landscapes 4. The structure of adaptive landscapes underlying protein evolution 5. Self organization and adaptation in complex systems 6. Coevolving complex systems PART II: THE CRYSTALLIZATION OF LIFE 7. The origins of life: a new view 8. The origin of a connected metabolism 9. Autocatalytic polynucleotide systems: hypercycles, spin glasses and coding 10. Random grammars PART III: ORDER AND ONTOGENY 11. The architecture of genetic regulatory circuits and its evolution 12. Differentiation: the dynamical behaviors of genetic regulatory networks 13. Selection for gene expression in cell type 14. Morphology, maps and the spatial ordering of integrated tissues
7,835 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of diet on the distribution of nitrogen isotopes in animals was investigated by analyzing animals grown in the laboratory on diets of constant nitrogen isotopic composition and found that the variability of the relationship between the δ(15)N values of animals and their diets is greater for different individuals raised on the same diet than for the same species raised on different diets.
5,562 citations
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of diet on the distribution of nitrogen isotopes in animals was investigated by analyzing animals grown in the laboratory on diets of constant nitrogen isotopic composition and found that the variability of the relationship between the δ^(15)N values of animals and their diets is greater for different individuals raised on the same diet than for the same species raised on different diets.
Abstract: The influence of diet on the distribution of nitrogen isotopes in animals was investigated by analyzing animals grown in the laboratory on diets of constant nitrogen isotopic composition.
The isotopic composition of the nitrogen in an animal reflects the nitrogen isotopic composition of its diet. The δ^(15)N values of the whole bodies of animals are usually more positive than those of their diets. Different individuals of a species raised on the same diet can have significantly different δ^(15)N values. The variability of the relationship between the δ^(15)N values of animals and their diets is greater for different species raised on the same diet than for the same species raised on different diets. Different tissues of mice are also enriched in ^(15)N relative to the diet, with the difference between the δ^(15)N values of a tissue and the diet depending on both the kind of tissue and the diet involved. The δ^(15)N values of collagen and chitin, biochemical components that are often preserved in fossil animal remains, are also related to the δ^(15)N value of the diet.
The dependence of the δ^(15)N values of whole animals and their tissues and biochemical components on the δ^(15)N value of diet indicates that the isotopic composition of animal nitrogen can be used to obtain information about an animal's diet if its potential food sources had different δ^(15)N values. The nitrogen isotopic method of dietary analysis probably can be used to estimate the relative use of legumes vs non-legumes or of aquatic vs terrestrial organisms as food sources for extant and fossil animals. However, the method probably will not be applicable in those modern ecosystems in which the use of chemical fertilizers has influenced the distribution of nitrogen isotopes in food sources.
The isotopic method of dietary analysis was used to reconstruct changes in the diet of the human population that occupied the Tehuacan Valley of Mexico over a 7000 yr span. Variations in the δ^(15)C and δ^(15)N values of bone collagen suggest that C_4 and/or CAM plants (presumably mostly corn) and legumes (presumably mostly beans) were introduced into the diet much earlier than suggested by conventional archaeological analysis.
5,548 citations
TL;DR: Confirmation bias, as the term is typically used in the psychological literature, connotes the seeking or interpreting of evidence in ways that are partial to existing beliefs, expectations, or a h...
Abstract: Confirmation bias, as the term is typically used in the psychological literature, connotes the seeking or interpreting of evidence in ways that are partial to existing beliefs, expectations, or a h...
5,214 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the first examination of the validity of this assumption and show that postmortem alteration of bone collagen isotope ratios does occur, but that it is possible to identify prehistoric bones whose collagen has not undergone such alteration.
Abstract: Since its introduction in 19771, stable isotope analysis of bone collagen has been widely used to reconstruct aspects of prehistoric human and animal diets2–11. This method of dietary analysis is based on two well-established observations, and on an assumption that has never been tested. The first observation is that bone collagen 13C/12C and 15N/14N ratios reflect the corresponding isotope ratio of an animal's diet1–5,12. The second is that groups of foods have characteristically different 13C/12C and/or 15N/14N ratios13,14. Taken together, the two observations indicate that the isotope ratios of collagen in the bones of a living animal reflect the amounts of these groups of foods that the animal ate. Thus, it has been possible to use fresh bone collagen 13C/12C ratios to determine the relative consumption of C3 and C4 plants15–17, while 13C/12C and 15N/14N ratios have been used to distinguish between the use of marine and terrestrial foods14. The 15N/14N ratios of fresh bone collagen probably also reflect the use of leguminous and non-leguminous plants as food5, but this has not yet been demonstrated. Prehistoric consumption of these same groups of foods has been reconstructed from isotope ratios of collagen extracted from fossil bone1–11. Implicit in the application of the isotopic method to prehistoric material is the assumption that bone collagen isotope ratios have not been modified by postmortem processes. Here I present the first examination of the validity of this assumption. The results show that postmortem alteration of bone collagen isotope ratios does occur, but that it is possible to identify prehistoric bones whose collagen has not undergone such alteration.
1,958 citations