TL;DR: This article overviews unethical publishing practices in connection with the pressure to publish more, and several measures are proposed to tackle the issue of predatory publishing.
Abstract: This article overviews unethical publishing practices in connection with the pressure to publish more. Both open-access and subscription publishing models can be abused by ‘predatory’ authors, editors, and publishing outlets. Relevant examples of ‘prolific’ scholars are viewed through the prism of the violation of ethical authorship in established journals and indiscriminately boosting publication records elsewhere. The instances of ethical transgressions by brokering editorial agencies and agents, operating predominantly in non-Anglophone countries, are presented to raise awareness of predatory activities. The scheme of predatory publishing activities is presented, and several measures are proposed to tackle the issue of predatory publishing. The awareness campaigns by professional societies, consultations with information facilitators, implementation of the criteria of best target journals, and crediting of scholars with use of integrative citation metrics, such as the h-index, are believed to make a difference.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0)
which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
pISSN 1011-8934
eISSN 1598-6357
e Pressure to Publish More and the Scope of Predatory
Publishing Activities
This article overviews unethical publishing practices in connection with the pressure to
publish more. Both open-access and subscription publishing models can be abused by
‘predatory’ authors, editors, and publishing outlets. Relevant examples of ‘prolific’ scholars
are viewed through the prism of the violation of ethical authorship in established journals
and indiscriminately boosting publication records elsewhere. The instances of ethical
transgressions by brokering editorial agencies and agents, operating predominantly in non-
Anglophone countries, are presented to raise awareness of predatory activities. The scheme
of predatory publishing activities is presented, and several measures are proposed to tackle
the issue of predatory publishing. The awareness campaigns by professional societies,
consultations with information facilitators, implementation of the criteria of best target
journals, and crediting of scholars with use of integrative citation metrics, such as the
h-index, are believed to make a difference.
Keywords:Predatory Publishing; Open Access; Authorship; Professional Societies; Citation
Metrics; Best Target Journals
Armen Yuri Gasparyan,
1
Bekaidar Nurmashev,
2
Alexander A. Voronov,
3
Alexey N. Gerasimov,
4
Anna M. Koroleva,
5
and George D. Kitas
1,6
1
Departments of Rheumatology and Research and
Development, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust
(Teaching Trust of the University of Birmingham,
UK), Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, West Midlands,
UK;
2
South Kazakhstan State Pharmaceutical
Academy, Shymkent, Kazakhstan;
3
Department of
Marketing and Trade Deals, Kuban State University,
TL;DR: This commentary reviews the concepts related to scientific integrity at a time when science faces important challenges related to the increase number of articles produced regarding research on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Abstract: Scientific integrity is a learned skill. When researchers and students learn integrity in laboratories or in the classroom, they are empowered to use similar principles in other aspects of their lives. This commentary reviews the concepts related to scientific integrity at a time when science faces important challenges related to the increase number of articles produced regarding research on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has ignited another parallel viral pandemic, with science ranging from robust studies to dishonest studies being conducted, posted, and shared at an unprecedented rate. A balance is needed between the benefits of the rapid access to new scientific data and the threat of causing panic or erroneous clinical decisions based on mistakes or misconduct. The truth is that the "scientific research has changed the world" but now, and more than ever, "it needs to change itself". A pandemic with a "paperdemic" will be even more complicated to manage if it progresses in an uncontrolled manner and is not properly scrutinized.
TL;DR: Several quantitative indicators are currently available for evaluating research productivity as discussed by the authors, and no single metric is suitable for comprehensive evaluation of the author-level impact, the choice of particular metrics depends on the purpose and context of the evaluation.
Abstract: Numerous quantitative indicators are currently available for evaluating research productivity. No single metric is suitable for comprehensive evaluation of the author-level impact. The choice of particular metrics depends on the purpose and context of the evaluation. The aim of this article is to overview some of the widely employed author impact metrics and highlight perspectives of their optimal use. The h-index is one of the most popular metrics for research evaluation, which is easy to calculate and understandable for non-experts. It is automatically displayed on researcher and author profiles on citation databases such as Scopus and Web of Science. Its main advantage relates to the combined approach to the quantification of publication and citation counts. This index is increasingly cited globally. Being an appropriate indicator of publication and citation activity of highly productive and successfully promoted authors, the h-index has been criticized primarily for disadvantaging early career researchers and authors with a few indexed publications. Numerous variants of the index have been proposed to overcome its limitations. Alternative metrics have also emerged to highlight 'societal impact.' However, each of these traditional and alternative metrics has its own drawbacks, necessitating careful analyses of the context of social attention and value of publication and citation sets. Perspectives of the optimal use of researcher and author metrics is dependent on evaluation purposes and compounded by information sourced from various global, national, and specialist bibliographic databases.
TL;DR: The advantages and shortcomings of social media are overviewed and available platforms for education and research in rheumatology are reflected on.
Abstract: Online social networking offers numerous opportunities for continuing medical education, professional development, and scholarly collaboration. Available social media channels proved useful for expanding education and research perspectives, particularly in rapidly developing academic disciplines such as rheumatology. Although there are numerous advantages of social media, busy clinicians should be aware of some drawbacks related to misinformation, unethical promotion, and unprofessional behavior in globally expanding platforms. Filtering credible and expert-proven information by skilled users is, therefore, increasingly important. Enforcing ethical norms and advancing professional etiquette in the field is strongly advisable. This article overviews the advantages and shortcomings of social media and reflects on available platforms for education and research in rheumatology.
TL;DR: Open access in the Global North is considered to solve an accessibility problem in scholarly communication as discussed by the authors. But this accessibility is restricted to the consumption of knowledge, and epistemic injustices inheriting in the scholarly communication of a global production of knowledge remain unchanged.
Abstract: Open access (OA) in the Global North is considered to solve an accessibility problem in scholarly communication. But this accessibility is restricted to the consumption of knowledge. Epistemic injustices inhering in the scholarly communication of a global production of knowledge remain unchanged. This underscores that the commercial or big deal OA dominating Europe and North America have little revolutionary potential to democratise knowledge. Academia in the Global North, driven by politics of progressive neoliberalism, can even reinforce its hegemonic power by solidifying and legitimating contemporary hierarchies of scholarly communication through OA. In a critique of the notion of a democratisation of knowledge, I showcase manifestations of OA as either allowing consumption of existing discourse or as active participation of discourse in the making. The latter comes closer to being the basis for a democratisation of knowledge. I discuss this as I issue a threefold conceptualisation of epistemic injustices comprising of testimonial injustice, hermeneutical injustice, and epistemic objectification. As these injustices prevail, the notion of a democratisation of knowledge through OA is but another form of technological determinism that neglects the intricacies of culture and hegemony.
32 citations
Cites background from "The Pressure to Publish More and th..."
...Ultimately, indicative in this respect is that predatory publishing venues often target institutions outside of a Global North hegemony, especially Asia and Africa, to lure them into a false international visibility (Berger, 2017; Gasparyan et al., 2016; Omobowale et al., 2014; Shen and Björk, 2015)....
[...]
...…indicative in this respect is that predatory publishing venues often target institutions outside of a Global North hegemony, especially Asia and Africa, to lure them into a false international visibility (Berger, 2017; Gasparyan et al., 2016; Omobowale et al., 2014; Shen and Björk, 2015)....
TL;DR: The data showed that many Arab scholars prefer publishing in predatory journals as these journals are easier and faster, and there is a need to raise the awareness of the harm that predatory journals can cause to the scholars and how they can avoid these journals.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to report the findings of a study of publishing behaviour among a group of Arab scholars in social science and humanities disciplines. The paper also investigated the number of Arab scholars who are publishing in predatory journals and the reasons that drive them to select these journals to share their scholarly findings. The study adopted a mixed methods approach. Eighteen journals that were categorized as predatory journals were scanned to find the number of Arab scholars who published in them. Then, a questionnaire was sent to Egyptian and Saudi scholars as they were found to be the top Arab contributors in these journals. The questionnaire was followed by semi‐structured interviews to gain an in‐depth understanding of the publishing behaviour. The data showed that many Arab scholars prefer publishing in predatory journals as these journals are easier and faster. The results also indicate that there is a need to raise the awareness of the harm that predatory journals can cause to the scholars and how they can avoid these journals. This study was conducted with social science and humanities scholars in Egypt and Saudi Arabia. The publishing behaviour may differ in other scholarly disciplines and other Arabic countries.
32 citations
Cites background from "The Pressure to Publish More and th..."
...Scholarly publishing is essential for scholars’ career advancement and to build an academic and social profile (Gasparyan et al., 2016; Shehata, 2015)....
[...]
...With the expanding number of scholarly journals and the changing nature of the publishing landscape, many scholars are no longer able to distinguish the quality and importance of publishing outlets available for them (Gasparyan et al., 2016; Van Nuland & Rogers, 2017)....
TL;DR: Despite a total number of journals and publishing volumes comparable to respectable open access journals, the problem of predatory open access seems highly contained to just a few countries, where the academic evaluation practices strongly favor international publication, but without further quality checks.
Abstract: A negative consequence of the rapid growth of scholarly open access publishing funded by article processing charges is the emergence of publishers and journals with highly questionable marketing and peer review practices. These so-called predatory publishers are causing unfounded negative publicity for open access publishing in general. Reports about this branch of e-business have so far mainly concentrated on exposing lacking peer review and scandals involving publishers and journals. There is a lack of comprehensive studies about several aspects of this phenomenon, including extent and regional distribution. After an initial scan of all predatory publishers and journals included in the so-called Beall’s list, a sample of 613 journals was constructed using a stratified sampling method from the total of over 11,000 journals identified. Information about the subject field, country of publisher, article processing charge and article volumes published between 2010 and 2014 were manually collected from the journal websites. For a subset of journals, individual articles were sampled in order to study the country affiliation of authors and the publication delays. Over the studied period, predatory journals have rapidly increased their publication volumes from 53,000 in 2010 to an estimated 420,000 articles in 2014, published by around 8,000 active journals. Early on, publishers with more than 100 journals dominated the market, but since 2012 publishers in the 10–99 journal size category have captured the largest market share. The regional distribution of both the publisher’s country and authorship is highly skewed, in particular Asia and Africa contributed three quarters of authors. Authors paid an average article processing charge of 178 USD per article for articles typically published within 2 to 3 months of submission. Despite a total number of journals and publishing volumes comparable to respectable (indexed by the Directory of Open Access Journals) open access journals, the problem of predatory open access seems highly contained to just a few countries, where the academic evaluation practices strongly favor international publication, but without further quality checks.
568 citations
"The Pressure to Publish More and th..." refers background in this paper
...1874 blog, revealed a rapid increase of the volume of articles from 53,000 in 2010 to 420,000 in 2014 (17)....
TL;DR: Publish or Perish is designed to help individual academics to present their case for research impact to its best advantage.
Abstract: Are you applying for tenure, promotion or a new job? Is your work cited in journals which are not ISI listed? Publish or Perish is designed to help individual academics to present their case for research impact to its best advantage.
TL;DR: They’re harming researchers in low and middle income countries most, but everyone must fight back to stop scientists being harmed.
Abstract: They’re harming researchers in low and middle income countries most, but everyone must fight back
197 citations
"The Pressure to Publish More and th..." refers background in this paper
...The emerging scientific powers and low-income countries prioritizing international publications and incentivizing their authors for any English article are primarily targeted (15,16)....