Journal ArticleDOI
The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition.
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A theory is proposed that increased age in adulthood is associated with a decrease in the speed with which many processing operations can be executed and that this reduction in speed leads to impairments in cognitive functioning because of what are termed the limited time mechanism and the simultaneity mechanism.Abstract:
A theory is proposed to account for some of the age-related differences reported in measures of Type A or fluid cognition. The central hypothesis in the theory is that increased age in adulthood is associated with a decrease in the speed with which many processing operations can be executed and that this reduction in speed leads to impairments in cognitive functioning because of what are termed the limited time mechanism and the simultaneity mechanism. That is, cognitive performance is degraded when processing is slow because relevant operations cannot be successfully executed (limited time) and because the products of early processing may no longer be available when later processing is complete (simultaneity). Several types of evidence, such as the discovery of considerable shared age-related variance across various measures of speed and large attenuation of the age-related influences on cognitive measures after statistical control of measures of speed, are consistent with this theory.read more
Citations
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Models of Working Memory: Mechanisms of Active Maintenance and Executive Control
Akira Miyake,Priti Shah +1 more
TL;DR: This paper presents a meta-analyses of working memory from the perspective of the EPIC architecture for modelling skilled perceptual-motor and cognitive human performance and discusses the role of language, attention, and inhibitory mechanisms in this performance.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Adaptive Brain: Aging and Neurocognitive Scaffolding
TL;DR: The scaffolding theory of aging and cognition (STAC) is proposed, suggesting that pervasive increased frontal activation with age is a marker of an adaptive brain that engages in compensatory scaffolding in response to the challenges posed by declining neural structures and function.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hemispheric asymmetry reduction in older adults: the HAROLD model.
TL;DR: The HAROLD model as mentioned in this paper is a cognitive neuroscience model that integrates ideas and findings from psychology and neuroscience of aging, and it states that, under similar circumstances, prefrontal activity during cognitive performances tends to be less lateralized in older adults than in younger adults.
Journal ArticleDOI
Models of visuospatial and verbal memory across the adult life span.
Denise C. Park,Gary J. Lautenschlager,Trey Hedden,Natalie S. Davidson,Anderson D. Smith,Pamela K. Smith +5 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that efforts to connect behavioral and brain data yield a more complete understanding of the aging mind and there is little evidence for dedifferentiation of function at the behavioral level in old compared with young adults.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Elusive Nature of Executive Functions: A Review of our Current Understanding
TL;DR: The neural substrates of the executive system are examined as well as the evolution of executive functioning, from development to decline, and the ability to inhibit overlearned behavior and verbal fluency is examined.
References
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Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
TL;DR: The concepts of power analysis are discussed in this paper, where Chi-square Tests for Goodness of Fit and Contingency Tables, t-Test for Means, and Sign Test are used.
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Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences
TL;DR: In this article, the Mathematical Basis for Multiple Regression/Correlation and Identification of the Inverse Matrix Elements is presented. But it does not address the problem of missing data.
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Handbook of the Psychology of Aging
TL;DR: The Handbook of the Psychology of Aging, Seventh Edition, provides a basic reference source on the behavioral processes of aging for researchers, graduate students, and professionals and provides perspectives on the Behavioral Science of Aging for researchers and professionals from other disciplines.
Book ChapterDOI
Working Memory, Comprehension, and Aging: A Review and a New View
Lynn Hasher,Rose T. Zacks +1 more
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the theoretical and empirical literature that addresses aging and discourse comprehension and a series of five studies guided by a particular working memory viewpoint regarding the formation of inferences during discourse processing are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Validity and Utility of Alternative Predictors of Job Performance
John E. Hunter,Ronda F. Hunter +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a meta-analysis of the cumulative research on various predictors of job performance shows that for entry-level jobs there is no predictor with validity equal to that of ability, which has a mean validity of.53.