The production of anatomical teaching resources using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology
Citations
457 citations
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Cites background from "The production of anatomical teachi..."
...However, human cadavers are becoming relatively scarce from the anatomical education curricula due to high maintenance costs, cultural and social controversies, and safety issues associated with the formalin-containing embalming fluids (92, 140)....
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...Additionally, 3D printing has helped in making complex diagnoses in forensic medicine (91); reformed anatomy education (92); helped in planning repairs of Charcot’s foot in podiatry (93); permitted the fabrication of custom-made dental implants in dentistry (94–96); produced patient-specific 3D-printed medication in pharmaceutical industry (97, 98); and assembled custom-design tissue scaffolds in regenerative medicine (99, 100)....
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278 citations
Cites background or methods from "The production of anatomical teachi..."
...…recent publication by McMenamin et al. describes methods of creating 3D prints of prosected specimens as well as prints of fluid or air filled “negative spaces” (i.e., blood vessels and paranasal sinuses) using data from computed tomog- raphy (CT) scans or surface scanning (McMenamin et al., 2014)....
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...The 3D prints shown in Figure 1 reflect the anatomical detail of the cadaveric originals to a much greater degree compared with plastic anatomical models, and were obtained at a much reduced overall cost compared to cadaveric materials (McMenamin et al., 2014)....
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...…identical 3D prints of a prosected heart that included the great vessels, two identical prints of a second heart without the great vessels, and three prints of coronary artery models derived from contrast CT angiography data printed using the technique previously described (McMenamin et al., 2014)....
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...Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups that Example of models printed using protocol described by McMenamin et al. (2014)....
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...As described in a prior publication, 3D printing is markedly cheaper than purchasing or producing plastinated specimens (McMenamin et al., 2014) and is detailed enough to provide a suitable supplement or adjunct to a cadaver-based curriculum....
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251 citations
References
6,916 citations
"The production of anatomical teachi..." refers methods in this paper
...In addition, the calculated mean measurements for the original and reproductions was used to calculate concordance correlation coefficients (Lin, 1989, 2000) to assess the reliability of the 3D printed reproductions against the original maxillary dentition....
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1,362 citations
"The production of anatomical teachi..." refers methods in this paper
...…the production of bespoke prefabricated bone models for presurgical planning or the creation of patient-specific prostheses for implantation (Tam et al., 2013), surgical simulation (Monfared et al., 2012, Waran et al., 2013) or as a patient educational tools (see review, Rengier et al., 2010)....
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815 citations
"The production of anatomical teachi..." refers background in this paper
...A modern 64 slice CT scanner typically involves lower resolutions; for example a CT scan of a limb segment would produce pixel sizes (i.e., X and Y resolutions) of 0.15– 0.5 mm and interslice distances (Z resolution) of 0.4–1.0 mm (Kalender, 2006)....
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739 citations
"The production of anatomical teachi..." refers background in this paper
...Many hold the view that cadaveric dissection is the key component of teaching anatomy (Ramsey-Stewart et al., 2010; Sugand et al., 2010) and the consequences for trainees/practitioners not having competent anatomical knowledge has recently been emphasized (Johnson et al., 2012)....
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681 citations
"The production of anatomical teachi..." refers background in this paper
...In contrast, some institutions in the United Kingdom and Europe have abandoned dissection-based learning (McLachlan and Patten, 2006) and in the United States many rely on combinations of prosection and dissection (Drake et al., 2009)....
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