The promoter-specific transcription factor Sp1 binds to upstream sequences in the SV40 early promoter
TL;DR: Results suggest that direct binding of Sp 1 to sequences in the upstream promoter element is the mechanism by which this factor activates transcription by RNA polymerase II at the SV40 early promoter.
About: This article is published in Cell.The article was published on 1983-11-01 and is currently open access. It has received 1298 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Upstream activating sequence & Response element.
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that multiple synthetic copies of the consensus AP-1-binding site can act as TPA-inducible enhancers in various plasmid constructs after transfection into HeLa cells, suggesting that AP- 1 is a transcription factor that functions by interacting with a specific enhancer element, and that its activities may be modulated by treatment of cells with TPA.
1,877 citations
TL;DR: It is found that purified Sp1 requires Zn(II) for sequence-specific binding to DNA, and it is likely that Sp1 interacts with DNA by binding of the Zn (II) fingers.
1,523 citations
TL;DR: The Inr constitutes the simplest functional promoter that has been identified and provides one explanation for how promoters that lack TATA elements direct transcription initiation.
1,462 citations
TL;DR: Drosophila tissue culture cells provide an Sp1-deficient background and have been used in a complementation assay to identify functional domains of human transcription factor Sp1, and it is proposed that these glutamine-rich domains represent a novel structural motif for transcriptional activation.
1,295 citations
TL;DR: Isolation and renaturation of proteins purified from sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels allowed the identification of two polypeptides as those responsible for recognizing and interacting specifically with the GC-box promoter elements characteristic of Sp1 binding sites.
Abstract: The biochemical analysis of cellular trans-activators involved in promoter recognition provides an important step toward understanding the mechanisms of gene expression in animal cells. The promoter selective transcription factor, Sp1, has been purified from human cells to more than 95 percent homogeneity by sequence-specific DNA affinity chromatography. Isolation and renaturation of proteins purified from sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels allowed the identification of two polypeptides (105 and 95 kilodaltons) as those responsible for recognizing and interacting specifically with the GC-box promoter elements characteristic of Sp1 binding sites.
1,284 citations
References
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TL;DR: This assay is very reproducible and rapid with the dye binding process virtually complete in approximately 2 min with good color stability for 1 hr with little or no interference from cations such as sodium or potassium nor from carbohydrates such as sucrose.
225,085 citations
TL;DR: This paper organizes the organization of protein codes into split genes, a small number of which are expressed in the chickenuct, and discusses generalization, generalization and Molecular Evolution.
3,865 citations
01 Jan 1981
TL;DR: In this paper, the split genes were described as follows: Globin genes expressed in the chicken o,iduct, Vitellogenin genes, Collagen genes and Actin genes.
Abstract: PERSPECTIVES AND SUMMARY . ORGANIZATION OF PROTEIN-CODING NUCLEAR SPLIT GENES . Molecular Anatomy 0/ the Split Genes . Globin genes . Genes expressed in the chicken o,iduct . Vitellogenin genes • •.•....•.•....•..•..• •..•..• •....... Insulin genes •......• •.•....•.......•..•......•....•..•....••.•..•..• •.• Collagen Genes . Actin genes. Spilt genes in insects and lower eucaryotes •.....•.......•..• •.•....•....... Other genes ..•........•...• •.•..• •.......•..• •.•..... Repeated Sequences . Rearrangements . Generalization and Molecular Evolution .
3,294 citations
TL;DR: Estimates indicate that 10-fold sequence-specificity (differential binding constant) could be studied easily using this technique, and the binding of lac repressor to lac operator is visualized by "footprinting" as an example.
Abstract: A method for studying the sequence-specific binding of proteins to DBA is described. The technique is a simple conjoining of the Maxam-Gilbert DNA-sequencing method and the technique of DNAase-protected fragment isolation. Fragments of a 5' end-labelled, double-stranded DNA segment, partially degraded by DNAase in the presence and absence of the binding protein, are visualized by electrophoresis and autoradiography alongside the base-specific reaction products of the Maxam-Gilbert sequencing method. It is then possible to see the protective "footprint" of the binding protein on the DNA sequence. The binding of lac repressor to lac operator is visualized by "footprinting" as an example. Equillibrium estimates indicate that 10-fold sequence-specificity (differential binding constant) could be studied easily using this technique.
1,775 citations
TL;DR: The activation of genes by specific enhancer elements seems to be a widespread mechanism that may be used for the regulation of gene expression and defines a class of DNA elements with a mode of action that has not been heretofore described.
1,372 citations