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Journal ArticleDOI

The Propagation Constants of Higher-Order Modes in Coaxial Waveguides With Finite Conductivity

01 Jan 2005-International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves (Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers)-Vol. 26, Iss: 1, pp 29-39
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors employed the perturbational method to determine the propagation constants of higher-order modes in the coaxial waveguide, and the validity of the theoretical model is confirmed by comparison with results obtained using the high-frequency structure simulator.
Abstract: Overmoded coaxial waveguides have been used in coaxial gyrotrons as a key interaction structure. To achieve the required mode selectivity, the resistivity of the center conductor is properly chosen to damp unwanted modes. Considering attenuation due to conductor loss, this study employs the perturbational method to determine the propagation constants of higher-order modes in the coaxial waveguide. The validity of the theoretical model is confirmed by comparison with results obtained using the high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS). Moreover, the method proposed herein is applied to analyze the ohmic mode selection of the coaxial waveguide.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a simulation approach to analyze the stability of a coaxial-waveguide gyro-TWT with distributed wall losses, and the interplay among the absolute instabilities, the gyrotron backward-wave oscillations, and circuit parameters was analyzed.
Abstract: The gyrotron traveling-wave tube (gyro-TWT) amplifier is known to be highly susceptible to spurious oscillations. This study develops a simulation approach to analyze the stability of a coaxial-waveguide gyro-TWT with distributed wall losses. The interplay among the absolute instabilities, the gyrotron backward-wave oscillations, and the circuit parameters is analyzed. Simulation results reveal that the distributed wall losses effectively stabilize spurious oscillations in the coaxial gyro-TWT. Furthermore, the wall resistivity of the center conductor is shown to be an additional effective mechanism for suppressing oscillations. Under stable operation conditions, the coaxial gyro-TWT with distributed losses is predicted to generate 435kW in the Ka band with 31% efficiency, a saturated gain of 45dB, and a bandwidth of 1.86GHz (≈5.8%) for a 70kV, 20A electron beam with an α(=ν⊥∕νz)=1.0 and an axial velocity spread of Δνz∕νz=5%.

20 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a linear theory which is applicable to amplifications or self-excited oscillations induced by absolute instabilities in a coaxial waveguide of finite length.
Abstract: Linear theory provides an efficient analysis model for the preliminary design of a gyrotron traveling-wave tube (gyro-TWT). This study presents a linear theory, which is applicable to amplifications or self-excited oscillations induced by absolute instabilities in a coaxial waveguide of finite length. The effects of wall losses are incorporated in the theoretical formalism. The validity of the linear theory is verified by comparison with calculation results obtained using an existing self-consistent nonlinear theory. The linear theory is applied to analyze a TE01 mode coaxial gyro-TWT at the fundamental cyclotron harmonic. Numerical analysis of coupling between the beam cyclotron mode and the waveguide mode provides physical insight into the wave-growing mechanisms of various oscillations. The critical parameters for the onset of threatening oscillation modes are analyzed to determine the stable operating conditions. Finally, the dependencies of small-signal amplifications on system parameters are studied...

16 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a method of selective suppression of electromagnetic modes in rectangular waveguides by loading distributed losses in some special position of waveguide inner wall is presented, which can be used to improve the stability of rectangular waveguide beam-wave interaction circuit.
Abstract: An over-mode metal rectangular waveguide is widely used in the generation, propagation, coupling, and transition of microwaves. When applied as the beam-wave interaction circuit of some high power microwave devices, a rectangular waveguide is expected to operate at a single electromagnetic mode. To do that, unwanted modes resulted from spurious oscillations should be suppressed. In this paper, a method of selective suppression of electromagnetic modes in rectangular waveguides by loading distributed losses in some special position of waveguide inner wall is presented. By using the method, the unwanted modes can be attenuated much larger relative to the operating mode. The presented method can be used to improve the stability of rectangular waveguide beam-wave interaction circuit.

14 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the feasibility of improving the stability of the coaxial-waveguide gyrotron traveling-wave tube (gyro-TWT) by selecting the geometrical parameter C, i.e., the ratio of the outer radius to the inner radius, was examined.
Abstract: This theoretical investigation examines the feasibility of improving the stability of the coaxial-waveguide gyrotron traveling-wave tube (gyro-TWT) by selecting the geometrical parameter C, i.e., the ratio of the outer radius to the inner radius. The effects of the geometrical parameter C on the start-oscillation currents of oscillation modes are analyzed to determine the optimum operating conditions. Simulation results indicate that the coaxial gyro-TWT with distributed wall losses can be stably operated at a higher beam current by optimizing C. Additionally, the saturated behaviors of the operating TE01 mode are evaluated for several C values to investigate the geometrical effects on the amplification of the coaxial gyro-TWT. Moreover, performance of the fundamental harmonic coaxial gyro-TWT achieved with the optimized C value is predicted under stable operating conditions.

5 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an improved mode-selective circuit, using circular waveguides with various radii, can provide the rejection points within the frequency range to suppress competing modes.
Abstract: Harmonic multiplying operation in a gyrotron traveling-wave amplifier (gyro-TWA) permits for magnetic field reduction and frequency multiplication. Lowering a beam voltage is an important step toward miniaturization of a harmonic multiplying gyro-TWA. However, the additional degree of freedom that is provided by the multitude cyclotron harmonics in a low-voltage harmonic multiplying gyro-TWA still easily generates various competing modes. An improved mode-selective circuit, using circular waveguides with various radii, can provide the rejection points within the frequency range to suppress competing modes. Simulated results reveal that the mode-selective circuit can provide an attenuation of more than 14 dB to suppress the competing modes. Furthermore, the performance of the gyro-TWA is analyzed for studying the sensitivity of the saturated output power and full width at half maximum bandwidth of the gyro-TWA to the beam voltage and the magnetic field. A stable low-voltage harmonic multiplying gyro-TWA with the mode-selective circuit is predicted to yield a peak output power of 24 kW at 200.4 GHz, corresponding to a saturated gain of 56 dB at an interaction efficiency of 20%. The full width at half maximum bandwidth is 3.0 GHz.

4 citations

References
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Book
01 Jan 1962

24,003 citations

Book
01 Jun 1961
TL;DR: In this paper, a revised version of the Revised edition of the book has been published, with a new introduction to the concept of plane wave functions and spherical wave functions, as well as a detailed discussion of the properties of these functions.
Abstract: Foreword to the Revised Edition. Preface. Fundamental Concepts. Introduction to Waves. Some Theorems and Concepts. Plane Wave Functions. Cylindrical Wave Functions. Spherical Wave Functions. Perturbational and Variational Techniques. Microwave Networks. Appendix A: Vector Analysis. Appendix B: Complex Permittivities. Appendix C: Fourier Series and Integrals. Appendix D: Bessel Functions. Appendix E: Legendre Functions. Bibliography. Index.

5,655 citations

Book
01 Jan 1951

2,353 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors classified and characterized oscillations of various origins with detailed theoretical modeling and showed that the interplay between the absolute/convective instabilities, circuit losses, and reflective feedback leads to the concept of ultra high gain scheme which employs distributed wall losses for the suppression of spurious oscillations.
Abstract: Physics and technology issues of importance to the high-gain gyrotron traveling wave amplifier (gyro-TWT) are investigated in theory and experiment. The gyro-TWT is known to be highly susceptible to spurious oscillations, especially in high gain operations. In the current study, oscillations of various origins are classified and characterized with detailed theoretical modeling. They are shown to be intricately connected to the interplay between the absolute/convective instabilities, circuit losses, and reflective feedback. Knowledge of these processes leads to the concept of an ultra high gain scheme which employs distributed wall losses for the suppression of spurious oscillations. A proof-of-principle Ka-band gyro-TWT experiment stable at zero drive has produced 93 kW saturated peak power at 26.5% efficiency and 70 dB gain, with a 3 dB saturated output power bandwidth of 3 GHz. The saturated gain is more than 30 dB beyond that previously achieved.

266 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an overview of the history of the development of coaxial gyrodevices, a discussion of the physics-based issues which are the most important for their operation, a description of the state-of-the-art in the development for the above-mentioned applications, and a brief forecast for their future.
Abstract: Most of the present-day millimeter-wave gyrotrons developed for plasma experiments in controlled fusion reactors utilize cylindrical cavities operating in high-order modes. The choice of modes should obey certain restrictions dictated by the achievable mode selection and the maximum admissible level of the density of microwave ohmic losses in the cavity walls. Even with these restrictions, developers have successfully manufactured quasi-continuous-wave gyrotrons operating in the short millimeter wavelength bands that are capable of delivering microwave power on the order of 1 MW. To upgrade gyrotron power to the level of several megawatts, more complicated coaxial microwave circuits should be used. This statement is also valid for relativistic gyroklystrons, which are currently under development for driving future linear accelerators. This paper presents an overview of the history of the development of coaxial gyrodevices, a discussion of the physics-based issues which are the most important for their operation, a description of the state of the art in the development of coaxial gyrodevices for the above-mentioned applications, and a brief forecast for their future.

105 citations