The reality of virtual schools: A review of the literature
Citations
302 citations
Cites background from "The reality of virtual schools: A r..."
...At times, e-learning is included in the category of distance education (Bates, 2005). Indeed there are numerous pros of online learning, especially in modern times, but conversely, there are some concerns that lead to the attrition of online learners and that eventually impede the progress of online courses (McIsaac & Gunawardena, 1996). Lack of interest or motivation is one of the main things which hinders the growth of online learning, and this way it also increases the scale of dropouts from the online courses (Aragon & Johnson, 2008). Researchers, educationists, and other professionals are very eager to know whether e-learning is able to provide better results and academic achievements when compared with traditional learning. The answer can only be found by examining student’s satisfaction and their motivation. In order to prove the point, many comparative studies have been conducted to examine whether face-to-face or traditional methods of teaching are most effective, or whether online or blended learning is best (e.g., González-Gómez, Jeong, and Rodríguez (2016))....
[...]
...Students with high motivation will be more successful in the online environment than students with low motivation (Barbour & Reeves, 2009; Hsu, Wang, & Levesque-Bristol, 2019; Nelson, Oden, & Williams, 2019)....
[...]
...At times, e-learning is included in the category of distance education (Bates, 2005). Indeed there are numerous pros of online learning, especially in modern times, but conversely, there are some concerns that lead to the attrition of online learners and that eventually impede the progress of online courses (McIsaac & Gunawardena, 1996). Lack of interest or motivation is one of the main things which hinders the growth of online learning, and this way it also increases the scale of dropouts from the online courses (Aragon & Johnson, 2008). Researchers, educationists, and other professionals are very eager to know whether e-learning is able to provide better results and academic achievements when compared with traditional learning. The answer can only be found by examining student’s satisfaction and their motivation. In order to prove the point, many comparative studies have been conducted to examine whether face-to-face or traditional methods of teaching are most effective, or whether online or blended learning is best (e.g., González-Gómez, Jeong, and Rodríguez (2016)). According to Bernard, Borokhovski, Schmid, Tamim, and Abrami (2014), in online learning, students do much better than at traditional learning, and this can be seen through the increasing rates of course completion, student’s satisfaction, and their motivation levels in order to acquire more knowledge from online learning. Several studies have also reached the same conclusion that online learning gets a better result than traditional methods (Lockman & Schirmer, 2020; Ryan, Kaufman, Greenhouse, She, & Shi, 2016). No doubt, in this innovative and technological era, online learning is trending because of its increasing importance in the world of academics; meanwhile, there are some other researches that show that it has its limitations, or, in other words, which prioritize face-to-face learning. A comparative study conducted by Adams, Randall, and Traustadóttir (2015) shows that online learners were less successful when compared with face-to-face learners which was inferred through student’s motivation, satisfaction, and attendance. Powers, Brooks, Galazyn, and Donnelly (2016) concluded that, in addition to the prior observation, these hybrid learners received lower grades in examinations when compared with face-to-face learners, because face-to-face learners had the immediate, physical help of the educator to clarify any tough concepts, and to direct their queries to, but this was not the case with online learners....
[...]
...At times, e-learning is included in the category of distance education (Bates, 2005). Indeed there are numerous pros of online learning, especially in modern times, but conversely, there are some concerns that lead to the attrition of online learners and that eventually impede the progress of online courses (McIsaac & Gunawardena, 1996). Lack of interest or motivation is one of the main things which hinders the growth of online learning, and this way it also increases the scale of dropouts from the online courses (Aragon & Johnson, 2008). Researchers, educationists, and other professionals are very eager to know whether e-learning is able to provide better results and academic achievements when compared with traditional learning. The answer can only be found by examining student’s satisfaction and their motivation. In order to prove the point, many comparative studies have been conducted to examine whether face-to-face or traditional methods of teaching are most effective, or whether online or blended learning is best (e.g., González-Gómez, Jeong, and Rodríguez (2016)). According to Bernard, Borokhovski, Schmid, Tamim, and Abrami (2014), in online learning, students do much better than at traditional learning, and this can be seen through the increasing rates of course completion, student’s satisfaction, and their motivation levels in order to acquire more knowledge from online learning....
[...]
...At times, e-learning is included in the category of distance education (Bates, 2005). Indeed there are numerous pros of online learning, especially in modern times, but conversely, there are some concerns that lead to the attrition of online learners and that eventually impede the progress of online courses (McIsaac & Gunawardena, 1996). Lack of interest or motivation is one of the main things which hinders the growth of online learning, and this way it also increases the scale of dropouts from the online courses (Aragon & Johnson, 2008). Researchers, educationists, and other professionals are very eager to know whether e-learning is able to provide better results and academic achievements when compared with traditional learning. The answer can only be found by examining student’s satisfaction and their motivation. In order to prove the point, many comparative studies have been conducted to examine whether face-to-face or traditional methods of teaching are most effective, or whether online or blended learning is best (e.g., González-Gómez, Jeong, and Rodríguez (2016)). According to Bernard, Borokhovski, Schmid, Tamim, and Abrami (2014), in online learning, students do much better than at traditional learning, and this can be seen through the increasing rates of course completion, student’s satisfaction, and their motivation levels in order to acquire more knowledge from online learning. Several studies have also reached the same conclusion that online learning gets a better result than traditional methods (Lockman & Schirmer, 2020; Ryan, Kaufman, Greenhouse, She, & Shi, 2016). No doubt, in this innovative and technological era, online learning is trending because of its increasing importance in the world of academics; meanwhile, there are some other researches that show that it has its limitations, or, in other words, which prioritize face-to-face learning. A comparative study conducted by Adams, Randall, and Traustadóttir (2015) shows that online learners were less successful when compared with face-to-face learners which was inferred through student’s motivation, satisfaction, and attendance....
[...]
274 citations
Cites background from "The reality of virtual schools: A r..."
...These categories originated in the virtual school professional preparation and development spectrum and continua developed for Professional Development for Virtual Schooling and Online Learning (available at http://www.nacol.org/docs/NACOL_PDforVSandOlnLrng.pdf )....
[...]
...Although K-12 online learning programs have evolved and grown over the past decade, there is a limited amount of published research on virtual schooling practice (Barbour & Reeves, 2009)....
[...]
...Table 3 Benefits of Virtual Schooling (Barbour and Reeves, 2009, p. 409) Benefit Selected References Higher levels of motivation Kellogg and Politoski (2002) Expanding educational access Berge & Clark (2005); Cavanaugh (2001);...
[...]
...Barbour and Reeves (2009) have classifed virtual schooling literature as outlining the benefits of virtual schooling or describing the difficulties or challenges of virtual schooling....
[...]
...Table 4 Challenges of Virtual Schooling (Barbour and Reeves, 2009, p. 111) Challenge Selected References High start-up costs associated with virtual schools Cavalluzzo (2004); Morris (2002)...
[...]
232 citations
226 citations
194 citations
References
32,902 citations
[...]
19,246 citations
2,570 citations