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Journal ArticleDOI

The Relationship Among Alcohol Consumption, Dietary Intake, and Body Mass Index in Young Adults

About: This article is published in Journal of The American Dietetic Association.The article was published on 2005-08-01 and is currently open access. It has received 2 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Body mass index.

Summary (1 min read)

Introduction

  • She is an excellent mentor for whom my respect has grown tremendously over the past semesters.
  • In 1995 to 1996, the Bogalusa Heart Study (BHS), an epidemiologic study of CVD risk factors from birth through young adulthood, surveyed young adults who were BHS participants in childhood to assess dietary intake and alcohol consumption.
  • The YAQ is a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire in which foods are grouped into broad categories.

Prevalence of Alcohol Consumption in Young Adults

  • The National Household Survey on Drug Abuse , a project of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration of the federal government, was initiated in 1971 and is the primary source of information on the use of illicit drugs, alcohol, and tobacco (13).
  • NHANES reports that the prevalence of overweight and obesity for adults was relatively constant from 1960 to 1980; however, by 1988-1994 NHANES III, overweight 12 and obesity increased significantly for white and black males and females aged 20 to 74 (45).
  • They were shown to be valid and reproducible in both populations.
  • Energy from alcohol was added to the diets of light drinkers but replaced non- alcohol energy, especially from carbohydrates, in moderate and heavy drinkers (15).
  • A study of 179 middle-class males was designed to quantify long-term alcohol intake and to investigate the relation of level of alcohol consumption with dietary intake (71).

Alcohol Metabolism

  • The paradoxical inverse relation sometimes seen between alcohol consumption and body weight remains unexplained by nutritionists.
  • When alcohol energy was added to non-alcohol energy, subjects failed to gain weight (78, 81).
  • Alcohol may increase meal size through a combination of direct and indirect effects (95).
  • Frequency of drinking was consistently lower for females than for males.
  • Possible effects of changes in marital status, employment status, and having children on alcohol consumption and the frequency of heavy drink ing was examined in 1,327 males and females aged 16 to 69 years (119).

Overview

  • General data collection procedures used in the Bogalusa Heart Study (BHS) are described below; however, a specific data set was used for this thesis.
  • The study design, participation, and protocols are described in detail elsewhere (39).

Body Mass Index

  • The adjusted means (+ SE) for BMI (kg/m2) of drinkers by gender, race, and race/gender are shown in Table 11a.
  • No other significant differences were seen among levels of alcohol consumption.
  • Waist Circumference Table 12a shows the adjusted means (+ SE) for waist circumference (cm) of drinkers by gender, race, and race/gender.

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Citations
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01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: Intake of spirits and beer as well as smoking was measured by questionnaire in a random population sample from two counties of Eastern Finland in 1972 and during a 7-yr follow-up 209 of these men had developed an acute myocardial infarction and 223 men had died.
Abstract: Intake of spirits and beer as well as smoking was measured by questionnaire in a random population sample from two counties of Eastern Finland in 1972. At the same time serum cholesterol, triglycerides and blood pressure were measured in a field examination. The study material consists of 4063 men aged 30-59 years (participation rate 92%). During a 7-yr follow-up 209 of these men had developed an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 223 men had died. Reported spirits and beer intake had both a strong positive association with smoking and serum triglycerides, a weak positive association with diastolic blood pressure, but no relationship to serum total cholesterol. Use of spirits at least once a week was associated with a reduced risk of AMI. The relative risk (RR), adjusted for age and conventional coronary risk factors was 0.5 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.3-0.9). Consumption of beer had no significant relationship to the risk of AMI. Consumption of at least five bottles of beer a week was related to a slightly excessive risk of death from any cause (adjusted RR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.0-2.1). Spirits intake had no significant association with the risk of death.

84 citations

01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: For example, this article found that women who consumed alcohol 7-13 times per week had the greatest reduction in weight, while men had only a slight effect on weight in either survey.
Abstract: Alcohol contributes more than 10 per cent of the total caloric intake of adult drinkers in the United States. However, the effect of alcohol on body weight has not been adequately studied in the general population. The association between weight and frequency of alcohol consumption was examined in two national cross-sectional surveys: the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HANESII; n = 10,929) and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveys (BRFS; n = 18,388). Linear multiple regression was used to estimate the independent effect of alcohol on weight, adjusting for smoking, age, diet practices, physical activity, race, education, and height. Among men, alcohol had only a slight effect on weight in either survey. However, among women, alcohol was associated with a substantial reduction in weight, which was as large as the effect of smoking. Compared with nondrinkers, women who consumed alcohol 7-13 times per week had the greatest reduction in weight: -3.6 kg (95% confidence limits [CL] = -5.6,...

6 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Most individuals drank once or twice a week, but daily drinkers had the highest weekly alcohol intake, and an association between alcohol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was found only in the latest survey and probably reflects the aging of the cohort.
Abstract: This report describes the alcohol consumption of adolescents and young adults who participated in the Bogalusa Heart Study, 1981 to 1991. Data were collected in three cross-sectional surveys of school-age children (11 to 19 years) and three surveys of young adults (18 to 32 years). White males had the highest proportion of drinkers and Black females had the lowest. By the end of the decade, adult White and Black male drinkers were about equal. Most individuals drank once or twice a week, but daily drinkers had the highest weekly alcohol intake. An association between alcohol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was found only in the latest survey and probably reflects the aging of the cohort.

26 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The stability and prevalence of alcohol use over a 6-year period up to ages 23-30 was described and the onset of current and heavier drinking decreased with increasing age while the offset of currentand heavier drinking increased with increasingAge.
Abstract: This data note draws upon the National Longitudinal Survey (NLS) of Labor Market Experience in Youth beginning at ages 17-24 to describe the stability and prevalence of alcohol use over a 6-year period up to ages 23-30. Approximately 70% of men and 58% of women maintained their drinking status throughout the study. The onset of current and heavier drinking decreased with increasing age while the offset of current and heavier drinking increased with increasing age. The absence of current drinking was unrelated to age for both men and women as was the presence of heavier drinking among men.

20 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Examination of a newborn cohort throughout time affords the opportunity to study early development of relationships and tracking of cardiovascular risk factors, as in studies of school-aged children.
Abstract: Cardiovascular risk factor variables were examined in a cohort of 440 infants from birth through 7 years of age. Anthropometric measures, BP, serum lipid and lipoprotein values, and dietary intake data were obtained according to detailed protocols. Various quality controls to ensure the collection of valid and reliable data were instituted. Participation remained high throughout the study with 80% of the children examined at 6 months and 60% at 7 years of age. Rates were slightly higher for black than for white children. Children born in the private hospital were more likely to continue in the study than children born in the charity hospital. Children of parents examined when the child was 2 years of age were more likely to be examined during the preschool phases, but parental examination was not related to child examination when the child was 7 years of age. As in studies of school-aged children, measurement errors were lowest for height, weight, and serum total cholesterol. Measurement errors for BP were highest at the younger ages, particularly for diastolic BP. Examination of a newborn cohort throughout time affords the opportunity to study early development of relationships and tracking of cardiovascular risk factors.

19 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An increased bioavailability of imbibed alcohol in women compared to men was confirmed and quantified and was found to be associated with, and probably due to, a reduced gastric Class III (Z) ADH activity of womenCompared to men.

7 citations