The relationship between crystal morphology and XRD peak intensity on CaSO4·2H2O
TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between XRD peak intensity and morphologies on CaSO4･2H2O crystals synthesized by reaction crystallization with various additives was clarified.
About: This article is published in Journal of Crystal Growth.The article was published on 2013-10-01 and is currently open access. It has received 260 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Aspect ratio & Crystallization.
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TL;DR: The Trivedi Effect®-Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment on magnesium gluconate was described in this article, where the trivedi effect was applied on the sample of the Biofield Energy Treated sample.
Abstract: Magnesium gluconate is a pharmaceutical/nutraceutical compound used as a source of magnesium ion. The recent study described the impact of The Trivedi Effect®-Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment on magnesium gluconate for the variation in physicochemical, structural, thermal and behavioral properties using PXRD, PSD, FT-IR, UV-vis spectroscopy, TGA, and DSC analysis. Magnesium gluconate was divided into two parts – one part was control without any Biofield Energy Treatment, while another part was treated with The Trivedi Effect®-Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment remotely by twenty renowned Biofield Energy Healers and defined as The Trivedi Effect® Treated sample. The PXRD analysis exhibited that the crystallite size of the treated sample was remarkably altered from -70% to 130% compared with the control sample. The average crystallite size was significantly decreased by 23.74% in the treated sample compared to the control sample. Biofield Energy Healing Treatment significantly reduced the particle size of magnesium gluconate at d10, d50, and d90 values by 12.15%, 8.98% and 15.35%, respectively compared to the control sample. The surface area analysis showed that surface area of the treated sample was significantly increased by 11.76% compared with the control sample. The FT-IR and UV-vis analysis displayed that structure of the magnesium gluconate persisted identical in both the treated and control samples. The TGA analysis exhibited four steps thermal degradation in both samples and the total weight loss of the Biofield Energy Treated sample was reduced by 0.19% compared with the control sample. The melting temperature of the Biofield Energy Treated sample (171.25oC) was slightly (0.16%) higher from the control sample (170.97oC). The latent heat of fusion was significantly decreased by 7.76% in the treated sample compared to the control sample. The TGA and DSC analysis revealed that the thermal stability of the treated sample was enhanced compared with the control sample. The current study revealed that The Trivedi Effect®-Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment might produce a new polymorphic form of magnesium gluconate, which could be more soluble and bioavailable along with improved thermal stability compared with the untreated compound. The Biofield Treated sample could be more stable during manufacturing, delivery or storage conditions than the untreated sample. Hence, The Trivedi Effect® Treated magnesium gluconate would be very useful to design better nutraceutical/pharmaceutical formulations that might offer better therapeutic responses against inflammatory diseases, immunological disorders, stress, aging, and other chronic infections.
135 citations
Cites background from "The relationship between crystal mo..."
...Scientific literature reported that the changes in the XRD patterns, such as crystallite size and relative intensities, indicated the modification of the morphology of the crystal as well as the proof of polymorphic transition [44-46]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the interior pores of solid sorbents were tuned to improve their adsorption characteristics to enhance gas separation performance, and the impact of ionic liquid loading is studied.
130 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was found that the sensitivity of an up-converting luminescent thermometer changes proportionally to the nanoparticle size, i.e. raised from 1.1% K−1 @ 240 nm to 1.8% K −1 @ 20 nm for tetraphosphate nanocrystals and similarly raised from 2.1 % K− 1 @ 200 nm to 2 % K − 1 @ 8 % at 200 K.
Abstract: The non-contact temperature sensing using the luminescence intensity ratio (LIR) between 2H11/2 → 4I15/2 and 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 electronic transition in upconverting Yb3+ and Er3+ co-doped nanocrystals has been known for two decades. This phenomenon is governed by the simple Boltzmann formula, which however does not consider material's properties other than energy gap between the respective energy states. For example, the temperature sensitivity has never been shown to depend on the size of nanoparticles, however our studies, performed on two different NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+ and LiLaP4O12:Er3+,Yb3+ nanocrystals clearly show evidences of such a relationship. Upon constant excitation intensity, the changes in the LIR emission intensity ratio in response to rising external temperature become consistently more rapid for smaller nanocrystals. It was found that the sensitivity of an up-converting luminescent thermometer changes proportionally to the nanoparticle size, i.e. raised from 1.1% K−1 @ 240 nm to 1.8% K−1 @ 20 nm for tetraphosphate nanocrystals and similarly raised from 1.1% K−1 @ 200 nm to 2.1% K−1 @ 8 nm for fluoride nanocrystals at 200 K. These phenomena were manifested mainly at low temperatures and can be neglected at temperatures above 250 K. The observed changes were discussed in terms of ratio of superficial to bulk ions. Phenomenological models have been proposed to describe both the size dependent luminescence lifetimes and temperature sensitivity.
117 citations
Cites background from "The relationship between crystal mo..."
...[1] Additionally, a change in the orientation of the nanocrystals along a preferred direction may interfere in the intensity along the most favorable direction....
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TL;DR: In this article, pyrite (FeS2), the most abundant iron mineral in the Earth's crust, was selected as a catalyst to activate persulfate for the simultaneous removal of 2,4dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) and Cr(VI), two common contaminants in wastewater.
107 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the optical band gap values of the synthesized ZnO NPs were found to be in the range of 3.2 eV to 3.32 eV, and the number of sub peaks obtained from Gaussian peak function fitting of PL spectra showed the possible energy levels, the types of defects present in the samples and also their influence on the optical properties.
Abstract: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized by chemical methods using different precursors (zinc chloride, zinc nitrate hexahydrate and zinc acetate) and media (water, ethanol, and methanol). An effort has been made to precisely control the particle size and optical band gap by various methods, while maintaining the crystal structure. The particle sizes of the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were found to be in the range of 5 nm to 20 nm, by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the hexagonal crystal structure of all the samples, with a variation in the average crystalline size, in accordance with the TEM studies. Absorption spectra of these nanoparticles exhibit broad peaks in the range of 274 to 376 nm. Optical band gap values of the synthesized ZnO NPs were found to be in the range of 3.2 eV to 3.32 eV. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra show two emission peaks; one at 393–420 nm which corresponds to band gap excitonic emission, and another located at 520–550 nm, due to the presence of defects. Variations in peak positions of the emission spectra are due to changes in the defect densities on the surfaces of the nanoparticles which were synthesized with different precursors. The number of sub peaks obtained from Gaussian peak function fitting of PL spectra shows the possible energy levels, the types of defects present in the samples and also their influence on the optical properties.
94 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a uniform description of the crystal structures of gypsum, brushite and pharmacolite is presented from a PBC analysis leading to the following F forms: {020, {011, {⦶1}11, 120, and ⦶ 1}22.
61 citations
39 citations