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Journal ArticleDOI

The RHV region of S-RNase in the European pear ( Pyrus communis ) is not required for the determination of specific pollen rejection

19 Aug 2004-Sexual Plant Reproduction (Springer-Verlag)-Vol. 17, Iss: 3, pp 151-156
TL;DR: It is shown that Sn-RNase does not prevent fertilization by Si-pollen haplotype, thus presenting a case in which RHV is not required for the determination of specific pollen rejection by S- RNase, and implying that other regions in the enzyme may be sufficient for this specificity.
Abstract: In the gametophytic self-incompatibility system, growth of self-pollen tubes in the style is inhibited in a haplotype-specific manner by S-RNase. The mechanism by which S-RNase confers its specificity is unknown. However, a hypervariable region (RHV in Rosaceae and HVa-HVb in Solanaceae) that differs among the many cloned S-RNase alleles has been proposed to be involved in conferring the S-haplotype specificity of the S-RNase. Region swapping experiments between S-RNases and crystallography of the enzyme support this assumption. However, the deduced amino acid sequences of Sn-RNase and Si-RNase alleles from the European pear (Pyrus communis) were recently found to have an identical RHV. In the present study it is shown that Sn-RNase does not prevent fertilization by Si-pollen haplotype, thus presenting a case in which RHV is not required for the determination of specific pollen rejection by S-RNase, and implying that other regions in the enzyme may be sufficient for this specificity.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review concludes that pollen incompatibility is the default condition unless the S-locus F-box protein confers resistance to S-RNase, and two alternative mechanisms have been proposed to explain compatibility and incompatibility.

146 citations


Cites background from "The RHV region of S-RNase in the Eu..."

  • ...Indeed, a pair of S-RNase sequences has been identified in Prunus that are identical in the regions of the molecule usually described as the most variable (Zisovich et al., 2004)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study proposes a model for the divergence, dissemination, and independent domestication of Asian and European pears in which pear has eventually spread to western Asia, and then on to Europe, thus promoting outcrossing and accounting for pear genome diversity across the Eurasian continent.
Abstract: Pear (Pyrus) is a globally grown fruit, with thousands of cultivars in five domesticated species and dozens of wild species. However, little is known about the evolutionary history of these pear species and what has contributed to the distinct phenotypic traits between Asian pears and European pears. We report the genome resequencing of 113 pear accessions from worldwide collections, representing both cultivated and wild pear species. Based on 18,302,883 identified SNPs, we conduct phylogenetics, population structure, gene flow, and selective sweep analyses. Furthermore, we propose a model for the divergence, dissemination, and independent domestication of Asian and European pears in which pear, after originating in southwest China and then being disseminated throughout central Asia, has eventually spread to western Asia, and then on to Europe. We find evidence for rapid evolution and balancing selection for S-RNase genes that have contributed to the maintenance of self-incompatibility, thus promoting outcrossing and accounting for pear genome diversity across the Eurasian continent. In addition, separate selective sweep signatures between Asian pears and European pears, combined with co-localized QTLs and differentially expressed genes, underline distinct phenotypic fruit traits, including flesh texture, sugar, acidity, aroma, and stone cells. This study provides further clarification of the evolutionary history of pear along with independent domestication of Asian and European pears. Furthermore, it provides substantive and valuable genomic resources that will significantly advance pear improvement and molecular breeding efforts.

115 citations


Cites background from "The RHV region of S-RNase in the Eu..."

  • ...known that the S-RNase gene exhibits high sequence variability among different pear cultivars [37, 38]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Molecular and genetic analyses of Prunus SC S haplotypes and polyploid sour cherry (Prunus cerasus) reveal the possible existence of a distinct SI/SC recognition mechanism in the S-RNase-based GSI system of Prinus.

114 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Sequence comparison of phylogenetically related alleles indicated the significance of the region between RC4 and C5 in defining specificity, and sliding windows analysis of Ka/Ks identified regions where positive selection may operate.
Abstract: Cross-compatibility relationships in almond are controlled by a gametophytically expressed incompatibility system partly mediated by stylar RNases, of which 29 have been reported. To resolve possible synonyms and to provide data for phylogenetic analysis, 21 almond S-RNase alleles were cloned and sequenced from SP (signal peptide region) or C1 (first conserved region) to C5, except for the S 29 allele, which could be cloned only from SP to C1. Nineteen sequences (S 4 , S 6 , S 11 –S 22 , S 25 –S 29 ) were potentially new whereas S 10 and S 24 had previously been published but with different labels. The sequences for S 16 and S 17 were identical to that for S 1 , published previously; likewise, S 15 was identical to S 5 . In addition, S 4 and S 20 were identical, as were S 13 and S 19 . A revised version of the standard table of almond incompatibility genotypes is presented. Several alleles had AT or GA tandem repeats in their introns. Sequences of the 23 distinct newly cloned or already published alleles were aligned. Sliding windows analysis of Ka/Ks identified regions where positive selection may operate; in contrast to the Maloideae, most of the region from the beginning of C3 to the beginning of RC4 appeared not to be under positive selection. Phylogenetic analysis indicated four pairs of alleles had ‘bootstrap’ support > 80%: S 5 /S 10 , S 4 /S 8, S 11 /S 24 , and S 3 /S 6 . Various motifs up to 19 residues long occurred in at least two alleles, and their distributions were consistent with intragenic recombination, as were separate phylogenetic analyses of the 5′ and 3′ sections. Sequence comparison of phylogenetically related alleles indicated the significance of the region between RC4 and C5 in defining specificity.

103 citations


Cites background from "The RHV region of S-RNase in the Eu..."

  • ...A case of two rosaceous S-RNases with diVerent speciWcity, but identical RHV regions, has been reported in European pear (Zisovich et al. 2004)....

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  • ...A case of two rosaceous S-RNases with diVerent speciWcity, but identical RHV regions, has been reported in European pear ( Zisovich et al. 2004 )....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Experimental data suggest that the mechanism controlling pollen-pistil recognition specificity of the Pyrinae might fit well with the collaborative 'non-self' recognition system proposed for Petunia (Solanaceae), whereas it presents relevant differences with the mechanism exhibited by the species of the closely related genus Prunus.
Abstract: The molecular bases of the gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) system of species of the subtribe Pyrinae (Rosaceae), such as apple and pear, have been widely studied in the last two decades. The characterization of S-locus genes and of the mechanisms underlying pollen acceptance or rejection have been topics of major interest. Besides the single pistil-side S determinant, the S-RNase, multiple related S-locus F-box genes seem to be involved in the determination of pollen S specificity. Here, we collect and review the state of the art of GSI in the Pyrinae. We emphasize recent genomic data that have contributed to unveiling the S-locus structure of the Pyrinae, and discuss their consistency with the models of self-recognition that have been proposed for Prunus and the Solanaceae. Experimental data suggest that the mechanism controlling pollen‐pistil recognition specificity of the Pyrinae might fit well with the collaborative ‘non-self’ recognition system proposed for Petunia (Solanaceae), whereas it presents relevant differences with the mechanism exhibited by the species of the closely related genus Prunus, which uses a single evolutionarily divergent F-box gene as the pollen S determinant. The possible involvement of multiple pollen S genes in the GSI system of Pyrinae, still awaiting experimental confirmation, opens up new perspectives to our understanding of the evolution of S haplotypes, and of the evolution of S-RNase-based GSI within the Rosaceae family. Whereas S-locus genes encode the players determining self-recognition, pollen rejection in the Pyrinae seems to involve a complex cascade of downstream cellular events with significant similarities to programmed cell death.

75 citations


Cites background from "The RHV region of S-RNase in the Eu..."

  • ...…et al., 2000; Broothaerts, 2003; Broothaerts et al., 2004b; Kim et al., 2006, 2009; Long et al., 2009), European pear (Zuccherelli et al., 2002; Zisovich et al., 2004b; Sanzol et al., 2006; Takasaki et al., 2006; Moriya et al., 2007; Mota et al., 2007; Sanzol and Robbins, 2008; Goldway et al.,…...

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  • ..., 1997), both in European pear and apple two pairs of functionally distinct S-RNase alleles were found to share identical RHV regions, highlighting that variable residues in other regions of the protein are involved in the same way in recognition (Zisovich et al., 2004a; Matsumoto et al., 2010)....

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  • ...…al., 1997), both in European pear and apple two pairs of functionally distinct S-RNase alleles were found to share identical RHV regions, highlighting that variable residues in other regions of the protein are involved in the same way in recognition (Zisovich et al., 2004a; Matsumoto et al., 2010)....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: From the kinetic data, it becomes evident that the reductive amination reaction is highly adaptive to the ammonium environment.

14,480 citations

01 Jan 1987

3,232 citations


"The RHV region of S-RNase in the Eu..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...DNA extraction The extraction of DNA from leaves was based on the method described by Doyle and Doyle (1987)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that the conjugation of proteins with a small protein called ubiquitin touches upon all aspects of eukaryotic biology, and its defective regulation is manifest in diseases that range from developmental abnormalities and autoimmunity to neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.
Abstract: Ubiquitylation ? the conjugation of proteins with a small protein called ubiquitin ? touches upon all aspects of eukaryotic biology, and its defective regulation is manifest in diseases that range from developmental abnormalities and autoimmunity to neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. A few years ago, we could only have dreamt of the complex arsenal of enzymes dedicated to ubiquitylation. Why has nature come up with so many ways of doing what seems to be such a simple job?

1,403 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 1989-Nature
TL;DR: It is reported here that glycoproteins corresponding to the S1, S2, S3, S6 and S7 alleles isolated from style extracts of N. alata6 are ribonucleases, which implicate ribonuclease activity in the mechanism of gametophytic self-incompatibility.
Abstract: SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY in flowering plants is often controlled by a single nuclear gene (the S-gene) having several alleles1. This gene prevents fertilization by self-pollen or by pollen bearing either of the two S- alleles expressed in the style. Sequence analysis shows that three alleles of the S gene of Nicotiana alata encode style glycoproteins2,3 with regions of defined homology. Two of the homologous regions also show precise homology with ribonucleases T2 (ref. 4) and Rh (ref. 5). We report here that glycoproteins corresponding to the S1, S2, S3, S6 and S7 alleles isolated from style extracts of N. alata6 are ribonucleases. These style S-gene-encoded glycoproteins account for most of the ribonuclease activity recovered from style extracts. The ribonuclease specific activity of style extracts of the self-incompatible species N. alata is 100–1,000-fold higher than that of the related self-compatible species N. tabacum. These observations implicate ribonuclease activity in the mechanism of gametophytic self-incompatibility.

691 citations


"The RHV region of S-RNase in the Eu..." refers background in this paper

  • ...The S-locus contains, among others genes, an RNase (S-RNase)encoding gene, which is expressed in the style prior to anthesis (McClure et al. 1989)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An approximately 70-kb segment of the S locus of the rosaceous species almond, the S haplotype-specific region containing the S-RNase gene, was found to contain two pollen-expressed F-box genes that are likely candidates for pollen S genes.
Abstract: Gametophytic self-incompatibility in Rosaceae, Solanaceae, and Scrophulariaceae is controlled by the S locus, which consists of an S-RNase gene and an unidentified “pollen S” gene. An ∼70-kb segment of the S locus of the rosaceous species almond, the S haplotype–specific region containing the S-RNase gene, was sequenced completely. This region was found to contain two pollen-expressed F-box genes that are likely candidates for pollen S genes. One of them, named SFB (S haplotype–specific F-box protein), was expressed specifically in pollen and showed a high level of S haplotype–specific sequence polymorphism, comparable to that of the S-RNases. The other is unlikely to determine the S specificity of pollen because it showed little allelic sequence polymorphism and was expressed also in pistil. Three other S haplotypes were cloned, and the pollen-expressed genes were physically mapped. In all four cases, SFBs were linked physically to the S-RNase genes and were located at the S haplotype–specific region, where recombination is believed to be suppressed, suggesting that the two genes are inherited as a unit. These features are consistent with the hypothesis that SFB is the pollen S gene. This hypothesis predicts the involvement of the ubiquitin/26S proteasome proteolytic pathway in the RNase-based gametophytic self-incompatibility system.

413 citations


"The RHV region of S-RNase in the Eu..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Recent findings suggest that specific growth inhibition of self pollen involves the ubiquitin/26S proteasome pathway (Lai et al. 2002; Entani et al. 2003; Ushijima et al. 2003; Yamane et al. 2003; Qiao et al. 2004)....

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  • ...Recently, SI S-locus-encoded F-box (SLF) proteins have been identified in Antirrinum and several Prunus species (Lai et al. 2002; Entani et al. 2003; Ushijima et al. 2003; Yamane et al. 2003)....

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