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Journal Article•DOI•

The risk of marine bioinvasion caused by global shipping.

Hanno Seebens1, Michael T. Gastner2, Michael T. Gastner3, Bernd Blasius1•
University of Oldenburg1, University of Bristol2, Imperial College London3
01 Jun 2013-Ecology Letters (Wiley)-Vol. 16, Iss: 6, pp 782-790
TL;DR: The network of global cargo ship movements with port environmental conditions and biogeography is combined to quantify the probability of new primary invasions through the release of ballast water and suggest that network-based invasion models may serve as a basis for the development of effective, targeted bioinvasion management strategies.
Abstract: The rate of biological invasions has strongly increased during the last decades, mostly due to the accelerated spread of species by increasing global trade and transport. Here, we combine the network of global cargo ship movements with port environmental conditions and biogeography to quantify the probability of new primary invasions through the release of ballast water. We find that invasion risks vary widely between coastal ecosystems and classify marine ecoregions according to their total invasion risk and the diversity of their invasion sources. Thereby, we identify high-risk invasion routes, hot spots of bioinvasion and major source regions from which bioinvasion is likely to occur. Our predictions agree with observations in the field and reveal that the invasion probability is highest for intermediate geographic distances between donor and recipient ports. Our findings suggest that network-based invasion models may serve as a basis for the development of effective, targeted bioinvasion management strategies.

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Citations
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Journal Article•DOI•
The global distribution of the arbovirus vectors Aedes aegypti and Ae. Albopictus

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Moritz U. G. Kraemer1, Marianne E. Sinka1, Kirsten A. Duda1, Adrian Mylne2, Freya M Shearer2, Christopher M. Barker3, Chester G. Moore4, Roberta G. Carvalho, Giovanini E. Coelho, Wim Van Bortel5, Guy Hendrickx, Francis Schaffner, Iqbal R. F. Elyazar, Hwa-Jen Teng6, Oliver J. Brady2, Jane P. Messina1, David M. Pigott1, Thomas W. Scott7, David L. Smith1, G. R. William Wint1, Nick Golding2, Simon I. Hay2 •
University of Oxford1, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics2, University of California, Davis3, Colorado State University4, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control5, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention6, National Institutes of Health7
30 Jun 2015-eLife
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compile the largest contemporary database for both species and pair it with relevant environmental variables predicting their global distribution, showing Aedes distributions to be the widest ever recorded; now extensive in all continents, including North America and Europe.
Abstract: Dengue and chikungunya are increasing global public health concerns due to their rapid geographical spread and increasing disease burden. Knowledge of the contemporary distribution of their shared vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus remains incomplete and is complicated by an ongoing range expansion fuelled by increased global trade and travel. Mapping the global distribution of these vectors and the geographical determinants of their ranges is essential for public health planning. Here we compile the largest contemporary database for both species and pair it with relevant environmental variables predicting their global distribution. We show Aedes distributions to be the widest ever recorded; now extensive in all continents, including North America and Europe. These maps will help define the spatial limits of current autochthonous transmission of dengue and chikungunya viruses. It is only with this kind of rigorous entomological baseline that we can hope to project future health impacts of these viruses.

1,416 citations

Journal Article•
The global distribution of the arbovirus vectors Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus

[...]

Mug Kraemer, Nick Golding, Oliver J. Brady, Jane P. Messina, David L. Smith, Grw Wint, Si Hay 
01 Jan 2015-Tropical Medicine & International Health
TL;DR: This work compile the largest contemporary database for both species and pair it with relevant environmental variables predicting their global distribution, showing Aedes distributions to be the widest ever recorded; now extensive in all continents, including North America and Europe.

1,002 citations

Cites background from "The risk of marine bioinvasion caus..."

  • ...Improving our ability to predict rates of vector importation will therefore be crucial to inferring future risk (Seebens et al., 2013)....

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Journal Article•DOI•
Human mobility: Models and applications

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Hugo Barbosa1, Marc Barthelemy2, Gourab Ghoshal1, Charlotte R James3, Maxime Lenormand, Thomas Louail, Ronaldo Menezes4, José J. Ramasco, Filippo Simini, Marcello Tomasini4 •
University of Rochester1, Centre national de la recherche scientifique2, University of Bristol3, Florida Institute of Technology4
06 Mar 2018-Physics Reports
TL;DR: This survey reviews the approaches developed to reproduce various mobility patterns, with the main focus on recent developments, and organizes the subject by differentiating between individual and population mobility and also between short-range and long-range mobility.

635 citations

Cites background from "The risk of marine bioinvasion caus..."

  • ...An important additional application of this network, besides the transport of goods, is the study of the invasion of species brought by carriers from different parts of the world [318,319]....

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Journal Article•DOI•
The dispersal of alien species redefines biogeography in the Anthropocene

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César Capinha1, Franz Essl2, Hanno Seebens3, Dietmar Moser2, Henrique M. Pereira4 •
University of Porto1, University of Vienna2, University of Oldenburg3, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg4
12 Jun 2015-Science
TL;DR: The findings show that human-mediated dispersal is causing a breakdown of biogeographic barriers, and that climate and to some extent socioeconomic relationships will define biogeography in an era of global change.
Abstract: It has been argued that globalization in human-mediated dispersal of species breaks down biogeographic boundaries, yet empirical tests are still missing. We used data on native and alien ranges of terrestrial gastropods to analyze dissimilarities in species composition among 56 globally distributed regions. We found that native ranges confirm the traditional biogeographic realms, reflecting natural dispersal limitations. However, the distributions of gastropods after human transport are primarily explained by the prevailing climate and, to a smaller extent, by distance and trade relationships. Our findings show that human-mediated dispersal is causing a breakdown of biogeographic barriers, and that climate and to some extent socioeconomic relationships will define biogeography in an era of global change.

314 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Global trade will accelerate plant invasions in emerging economies under climate change

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Hanno Seebens1, Hanno Seebens2, Franz Essl3, Franz Essl4, Franz Essl1, Wayne Dawson5, Nicol Fuentes6, Dietmar Moser3, Dietmar Moser1, Jan Pergl7, Petr Pyšek7, Petr Pyšek8, Mark van Kleunen5, Ewald Weber9, Marten Winter, Bernd Blasius2 •
University of Vienna1, University of Oldenburg2, Environment Agency3, Stellenbosch University4, University of Konstanz5, University of Concepción6, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic7, Charles University in Prague8, University of Potsdam9
01 Nov 2015-Global Change Biology
TL;DR: The 'imperialist dogma,' stating that Europe has been a net exporter of naturalized plants since colonial times, does not hold for the past 60 years, and shows that particularly strong increases in naturalized plant numbers are expected in the next 20 years for emerging economies in megadiverse regions.
Abstract: Trade plays a key role in the spread of alien species and has arguably contributed to the recent enormous acceleration of biological invasions, thus homogenizing biotas worldwide. Combining data on 60-year trends of bilateral trade, as well as on biodiversity and climate, we modeled the global spread of plant species among 147 countries. The model results were compared with a recently compiled unique global data set on numbers of naturalized alien vascular plant species representing the most comprehensive collection of naturalized plant distributions currently available. The model identifies major source regions, introduction routes, and hot spots of plant invasions that agree well with observed naturalized plant numbers. In contrast to common knowledge, we show that the ‘imperialist dogma,’ stating that Europe has been a net exporter of naturalized plants since colonial times, does not hold for the past 60 years, when more naturalized plants were being imported to than exported from Europe. Our results highlight that the current distribution of naturalized plants is best predicted by socioeconomic activities 20 years ago. We took advantage of the observed time lag and used trade developments until recent times to predict naturalized plant trajectories for the next two decades. This shows that particularly strong increases in naturalized plant numbers are expected in the next 20 years for emerging economies in megadiverse regions. The interaction with predicted future climate change will increase invasions in northern temperate countries and reduce them in tropical and (sub)tropical regions, yet not by enough to cancel out the trade-related increase.

282 citations

Cites methods from "The risk of marine bioinvasion caus..."

  • ...We adopted a model developed for marine invasions (Seebens et al., 2013) to (i) analyze the role of the global trade network on the total number of naturalized plants in countries, (ii) identify whether and to what extent the richness of regional alien floras lags behind recent increases in trade, (iii) predict the extent of future distributions of naturalized plants, (iv) identify major source regions and introduction routes, and (v) analyze the interaction of trade-related drivers with climate change in accounting for future spread of alien plants....

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  • ...We adopted a model developed for marine invasions (Seebens et al., 2013) to (i) analyze the role of the global trade network on the total number of naturalized plants in countries, (ii) identify whether and to what extent the richness of regional alien floras lags behind recent increases in trade,…...

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  • ...The model is adopted from a study on marine invasions (Seebens et al., 2013) and slightly modified to capture the dynamics of alien plant invasions....

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References
More filters
Journal Article•DOI•
Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100.

[...]

Osvaldo E. Sala1, F. S. Chapin2, Juan J. Armesto3, Eric L. Berlow4, Janine Bloomfield5, Rodolfo Dirzo6, E Huber-Sanwald7, Laura Foster Huenneke8, Robert B. Jackson9, Ann P. Kinzig10, Rik Leemans, David M. Lodge11, Harold A. Mooney12, Martín Oesterheld1, N L Poff13, Martin T. Sykes, Brian Walker14, Marilyn D. Walker2, Diana H. Wall13 •
University of Buenos Aires1, University of Alaska Fairbanks2, University of Chile3, University of California, Berkeley4, Environmental Defense Fund5, National Autonomous University of Mexico6, Technische Universität München7, New Mexico State University8, Duke University9, Arizona State University10, University of Notre Dame11, Stanford University12, Colorado State University13, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation14
10 Mar 2000-Science
TL;DR: This study identified a ranking of the importance of drivers of change, aranking of the biomes with respect to expected changes, and the major sources of uncertainties in projections of future biodiversity change.
Abstract: Scenarios of changes in biodiversity for the year 2100 can now be developed based on scenarios of changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide, climate, vegetation, and land use and the known sensitivity of biodiversity to these changes. This study identified a ranking of the importance of drivers of change, a ranking of the biomes with respect to expected changes, and the major sources of uncertainties. For terrestrial ecosystems, land-use change probably will have the largest effect, followed by climate change, nitrogen deposition, biotic exchange, and elevated carbon dioxide concentration. For freshwater ecosystems, biotic exchange is much more important. Mediterranean climate and grassland ecosystems likely will experience the greatest proportional change in biodiversity because of the substantial influence of all drivers of biodiversity change. Northern temperate ecosystems are estimated to experience the least biodiversity change because major land-use change has already occurred. Plausible changes in biodiversity in other biomes depend on interactions among the causes of biodiversity change. These interactions represent one of the largest uncertainties in projections of future biodiversity change.

8,401 citations

"The risk of marine bioinvasion caus..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Even though invasive species are now recognised as one of the greatest threats to marine biodiversity (Sala et al., 2000; Molnar et al., 2008; McGeoch et al., 2010), pathways for species dispersal remain poorly understood on a global scale (Mack et al....

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  • ...Even though invasive species are now recognised as one of the greatest threats to marine biodiversity (Sala et al., 2000; Molnar et al., 2008; McGeoch et al., 2010), pathways for species dispersal remain poorly understood on a global scale (Mack et al., 2000; Hulme, 2009) and only a few studies…...

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Journal Article•DOI•
Biotic invasions: causes, epidemiology, global consequences, and control

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Richard N. Mack1, Daniel Simberloff2, W. Mark Lonsdale3, Harry C. Evans4, M. N. Clout5, Fakhri A. Bazzaz6 •
Washington State University1, University of Tennessee2, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation3, CABI4, University of Auckland5, Harvard University6
01 Jun 2000-Ecological Applications
TL;DR: Given their current scale, biotic invasions have taken their place alongside human-driven atmospheric and oceanic alterations as major agents of global change and left unchecked, they will influence these other forces in profound but still unpredictable ways.
Abstract: Biotic invaders are species that establish a new range in which they proliferate, spread, and persist to the detriment of the environment. They are the most important ecological outcomes from the unprecedented alterations in the distribution of the earth's biota brought about largely through human transport and commerce. In a world without borders, few if any areas remain sheltered from these im- migrations. The fate of immigrants is decidedly mixed. Few survive the hazards of chronic and stochastic forces, and only a small fraction become naturalized. In turn, some naturalized species do become invasive. There are several potential reasons why some immigrant species prosper: some escape from the constraints of their native predators or parasites; others are aided by human-caused disturbance that disrupts native communities. Ironically, many biotic invasions are apparently facilitated by cultivation and husbandry, unintentional actions that foster immigrant populations until they are self-perpetuating and uncontrollable. Whatever the cause, biotic invaders can in many cases inflict enormous environmental damage: (1) Animal invaders can cause extinctions of vulnerable native species through predation, grazing, competition, and habitat alteration. (2) Plant invaders can completely alter the fire regime, nutrient cycling, hydrology, and energy budgets in a native ecosystem and can greatly diminish the abundance or survival of native species. (3) In agriculture, the principal pests of temperate crops are nonindigenous, and the combined expenses of pest control and crop losses constitute an onerous "tax" on food, fiber, and forage production. (4) The global cost of virulent plant and animal diseases caused by parasites transported to new ranges and presented with susceptible new hosts is currently incalculable. Identifying future invaders and taking effective steps to prevent their dispersal and establishment con- stitutes an enormous challenge to both conservation and international commerce. Detection and management when exclusion fails have proved daunting for varied reasons: (1) Efforts to identify general attributes of future invaders have often been inconclusive. (2) Predicting susceptible locales for future invasions seems even more problematic, given the enormous differences in the rates of arrival among potential invaders. (3) Eradication of an established invader is rare, and control efforts vary enormously in their efficacy. Successful control, however, depends more on commitment and continuing diligence than on the efficacy of specific tools themselves. (4) Control of biotic invasions is most effective when it employs a long-term, ecosystem- wide strategy rather than a tactical approach focused on battling individual invaders. (5) Prevention of invasions is much less costly than post-entry control. Revamping national and international quarantine laws by adopting a "guilty until proven innocent" approach would be a productive first step. Failure to address the issue of biotic invasions could effectively result in severe global consequences, including wholesale loss of agricultural, forestry, and fishery resources in some regions, disruption of the ecological processes that supply natural services on which human enterprise depends, and the creation of homogeneous, impoverished ecosystems composed of cosmopolitan species. Given their current scale, biotic invasions have taken their place alongside human-driven atmospheric and oceanic alterations as major agents of global change. Left unchecked, they will influence these other forces in profound but still unpredictable ways.

6,195 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
The measurement of diversity in different types of biological collections

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E.C. Pielou
01 Dec 1966-Journal of Theoretical Biology
TL;DR: Information content may be used as a measure of the diversity of a many-species biological collection whereby the sample size is progressively increased by addition of new quadrats and the mean increment in total diversity that results from enlarging the sample still more provides an estimate of the Diversity per individual in the whole population.

4,415 citations

"The risk of marine bioinvasion caus..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...(b) Characterisation of ecoregions by the total invasion risk Pj ðInvÞ and the evenness of risk composition using Pielou’s index (Pielou, 1966), Ej 1⁄4 P i pij log pij=logðnÞ....

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  • ...For each ecoregion we calculated the vulnerability, that is the total probability PjðInvÞ of new invasions into that region, and risk composition, that is the evenness Ej 2 1⁄20; 1 of relative invasion probabilities into that region from various source regions (Pielou, 1966)....

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  • ...For each ecoregion we calculated the vulnerability, that is the total probability PjðInvÞ of new invasions into that region, and risk composition, that is the evenness Ej 2 ½0; 1 of relative invasion probabilities into that region from various source regions (Pielou, 1966)....

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  • ...…pij ¼ Pij ðInvÞ= P i Pij ðInvÞ of source region i (indicated by colour coding) to the invasion risk of ecoregion j. (b) Characterisation of ecoregions by the total invasion risk Pj ðInvÞ and the evenness of risk composition using Pielou’s index (Pielou, 1966), Ej ¼ P i pij log pij=logðnÞ....

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  • ...The size of each pie sector indicates the relative contribution pij ¼ Pij ðInvÞ= P i Pij ðInvÞ of source region i (indicated by colour coding) to the invasion risk of ecoregion j. (b) Characterisation of ecoregions by the total invasion risk Pj ðInvÞ and the evenness of risk composition using Pielou’s index (Pielou, 1966), Ej ¼ P i pij log pij=logðnÞ....

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Journal Article•DOI•
Marine Ecoregions of the World: A Bioregionalization of Coastal and Shelf Areas

[...]

Mark Spalding1, Helen E. Fox, Gerald R. Allen, Nick C. Davidson, Zach A. Ferdaña, Max Finlayson, Benjamin S. Halpern, Miguel A. Jorge, Al Lombana, Sara A. Lourie, Kirsten D. Martin, Edmund McManus, Jennifer L. Molnar, Cheri A. Recchia, James C. Robertson •
The Nature Conservancy1
01 Jul 2007-BioScience
TL;DR: The Marine Ecoregions of the World (MEOW) as discussed by the authors is a global system for coastal and shelf areas, which is a nested system of 12 realms, 62 provinces, and 232 ecoregs.
Abstract: The conservation and sustainable use of marine resources is a highlighted goal on a growing number of national and international policy agendas. Unfortunately, efforts to assess progress, as well as to strategically plan and prioritize new marine conservation measures, have been hampered by the lack of a detailed, comprehensive biogeographic system to classify the oceans. Here we report on a new global system for coastal and shelf areas: the Marine Ecoregions of the World, or MEOW, a nested system of 12 realms, 62 provinces, and 232 ecoregions. This system provides considerably better spatial resolution than earlier global systems, yet it preserves many common elements and can be cross-referenced to many regional biogeographic classifications. The designation of terrestrial ecoregions has revolutionized priority setting and planning for terrestrial conservation; we anticipate similar benefits from the use of a coherent and credible marine system.

2,797 citations

"The risk of marine bioinvasion caus..." refers background in this paper

  • ...…(Kennedy et al., 2002), the biotic pressure imposed on newly introduced individuals may be approximated in models by the species richness in the recipient community; however, this hypothesis is still under debate, particularly in marine systems (Fridley et al., 2007; Stachowicz et al., 2007)....

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  • ...However, as the empirical evidence for the biotic resistance is weak (Fridley et al., 2007; Lockwood et al., 2007; Stachowicz et al., 2007), we did not include this mechanisms in the main model version in this study....

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Journal Article•DOI•
Progress in invasion biology: predicting invaders

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Cynthia S. Kolar1, David M. Lodge1•
University of Notre Dame1
01 Apr 2001-Trends in Ecology and Evolution
TL;DR: Although restricted to few taxa, these studies reveal clear relationships between the characteristics of releases and the species involved, and the successful establishment and spread of invaders.
Abstract: Predicting which species are probable invaders has been a long-standing goal of ecologists, but only recently have quantitative methods been used to achieve such a goal. Although restricted to few taxa, these studies reveal clear relationships between the characteristics of releases and the species involved, and the successful establishment and spread of invaders. For example, the probability of bird establishment increases with the number of individuals released and the number of release events. Also, the probability of plant invasiveness increases if the species has a history of invasion and reproduces vegetatively. These promising quantitative approaches should be more widely applied to allow us to predict patterns of invading species more successfully.

2,698 citations

"The risk of marine bioinvasion caus..." refers background in this paper

  • ...The ability to forecast locations at the greatest risk of new invasions remains one of the main challenges confronting invasion biologists (Mack et al., 2000; Kolar & Lodge, 2001)....

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  • ...During the last few centuries thousands of species have dispersed beyond their native ranges and have transformed marine ecosystems around the world (Ruiz et al., 1997; Mack et al., 2000; Kolar & Lodge, 2001; Lockwood et al., 2007)....

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Trending Questions (1)
How global shipping networks affect the dynamic invasion of marine life brought about by ship navigation?

Global shipping networks play a significant role in the spread of invasive marine species through ballast water release, posing a risk to coastal ecosystems.

See answers from 5 other papers