The role of carbon materials in heterogeneous catalysis
TL;DR: In this paper, the increasing importance of carbon materials in catalytic processes is analyzed in terms of the most important characteristics of these materials when acting as catalysts or catalyst supports, such as surface area, porosity, chemical inertness and oxygen surface groups.
About: This article is published in Carbon.The article was published on 1998-01-01. It has received 1620 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Catalyst support & Carbon nanotube supported catalyst.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: In this paper, a deconvolution method is proposed to analyze the TPD spectra, allowing for the quantitative determination of the amount of each functional group on the surface. But the deconvolutions are not suitable for the analysis of a large number of functional groups.
2,674 citations
TL;DR: O.R.T. and Z.L.K. as discussed by the authors acknowledge donors of the Petroleum Research Fund administered by the American Chemical Society (ACS), and thank CREST, JST for supports.
Abstract: R.R. is thankful for financial support by Korean Research Foundation (1998-010-180). M.J. and M.K. acknowledge donors of the Petroleum Research Fund administered by the American Chemical Society. O.T. and Z.L. thank CREST, JST for supports.
2,318 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the use of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and nanofibers as catalysts and catalysts supports has been analyzed from the early 1990s until the beginning of 2003.
Abstract: This review analyses the literature from the early 1990s until the beginning of 2003 and covers the use of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and nanofibers as catalysts and catalysts supports. The article is composed of three sections, the first one explains why these materials can be suitable for these applications, the second describes the different preparation methods for supporting metallic catalysts on these supports, and the last one details the catalytic results obtained with nanotubes or nanofibers based catalysts. When possible, the results were compared to those obtained on classical carbonaceous supports and explanations are proposed to clarify the different behaviors observed.
1,742 citations
TL;DR: Porous carbon was synthesized by heating the precursor FA within the pores of MOF-5 to display a high specific surface area and important hydrogen uptake and excellent electrochemical properties as an electrode material for electrochemical double-layered capacitor (EDLC).
Abstract: Porous carbon was synthesized by heating the precursor FA within the pores of MOF-5. The resultant carbon displayed a high specific surface area (BET, 2872 m2·g−1) and important hydrogen uptake (2.6 wt % at 760 Torr, −196 °C) as well as excellent electrochemical properties as an electrode material for electrochemical double-layered capacitor (EDLC).
1,538 citations
TL;DR: An overview of carbon supports for Pt-based catalysts, with particular attention on new carbon materials, is presented in this paper, where the effect of substrate characteristics on catalyst properties, as electrocatalytic activity and stability in fuel cell environment, is discussed.
Abstract: To increase their electrochemically active surface area, catalysts supported on high surface area materials, commonly carbons, are widely used in low-temperature fuel cells. Recent studies have revealed that the physical properties of the carbon support can greatly affect the electrochemical properties of the fuel cell catalyst. It has been reported that carbon materials with both high surface area and good crystallinity can not only provide a high dispersion of Pt nanoparticles, but also facilitate electron transfer, resulting in better device performance. On this basis, novel non-conventional carbon materials have attracted much interest as electrocatalyst support because of their good electrical and mechanical properties and their versatility in pore size and pore distribution tailoring. These materials present a different morphology than carbon blacks both at the nanoscopic level in terms of their pore texture (for example mesopore carbon) and at the macroscopic level in terms of their form (for example microsphere). The examples are supports produced from ordered mesoporous carbons, carbon aerogels, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanohorns, carbon nanocoils and carbon nanofibers. The challenge is to develop carbon supports with high surface area, good electrical conductivity, suitable porosity to allow good reactant flux, and high stability in fuel cell environment, utilizing synthesis methods simple and not too expensive. This paper presents an overview of carbon supports for Pt-based catalysts, with particular attention on new carbon materials. The effect of substrate characteristics on catalyst properties, as electrocatalytic activity and stability in fuel cell environment, is discussed.
1,122 citations
References
More filters
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors concluded that two mechanisms are necessary and sufficient to account for the basic properties of carbons: HCl adsorption, electrophoresis, and mass titration.
480 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the activities of sulfided MoC, WC, CoC, NiC, Co-MoC, and Ni-WC catalysts for thiophene hydrodesulfurization and butene hydrogenation were studied using a flow microreactor operating at atmospheric pressure.
300 citations
01 Jan 1991
TL;DR: In this article, an active site concept was proposed to describe the active sites in the process of carbon gasification of coal chars, and the role of these sites in protecting against Oxidation.
Abstract: Chemical Kinetics of Carbon and Char Gasification.- 13C/12C Isotope Spectrometry in the Study of Carbon Reactivity.- Mass Transport and Carbon Reactivity at High Temperature.- Oxidation of Single Char Particles in an Electrodynamic Chamber.- The CO/CO2 Ratio in the Products of the Carbon-Oxygen Reaction.- Oxy-Reactivity of Coal at Low Temperature and High Pressure during Great Depth Underground Gasification Tests.- Forty Years Ago, "La Combustion du Carbone".- Carbon Gasification: the Active Site Concept.- Active Sites and Carbon Gasification Kinetics: Theoretical Treatment and Experimental Results.- Active Sites in Relation to Gasification of Coal Chars.- Specific Reactivities of Pure Carbon of Diverse Origins.- Active Sites in Carbon Gasification with CO2 Transient Kinetic Experiments.- Reactive Surface Area: An Old But New Concept in Carbon Gasification.- Coke Microtexture: One Key for Coke Reactivity.- Thermally Induced Changes in Reactivity of Carbons.- Surface Complexes on Carbon During Oxidation and Gasification.- Applications of Energetic Distributions of Oxygen Surface Complexes to Carbon and Char Reactivity and Characterization.- The Nature of Isothermal Desorption of Carbon - Oxygen Surface Complexes Following Gasification.- Radical Sites as Active Sites in Carbon Addition and Oxidation Reactions at High Temperatures.- Catalytic Gasification of Carbon: Fundamentals and Mechanism.- An Approach to the Mechanism of the CO2-Carbon Gasification Reaction Catalyzed by Calcium.- The Determining Role of Mineral Matter on Gasification Reactivities of Brown Coal Chars.- Protection of Carbon Against Oxidation: Role of the Active Sites.- Inhibition of Carbon Gasification.- Passivation of Carbon Active Sites for Oxidation Protection.- Controlled Gasification of Carbon and Pore Structure Development.- Control of Anode Consumption During Aluminium Electrolysis.- Synthesis and Recommendations for Future Work.- List of Participants.
298 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the relation between the microporous structure of carbons and the parameters of Dubinin's theory is examined in their historical development, focusing on the correlation between different techniques such as gas adsorption, immersion calorimetry, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.
270 citations