Journal ArticleDOI
The role of coastal plant communities for climate change mitigation and adaptation
Carlos M. Duarte,Carlos M. Duarte,Carlos M. Duarte,Inigo J. Losada,Iris E. Hendriks,Inés Mazarrasa,Núria Marbà +6 more
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In this article, the potential benefits of conservation, restoration and use of marine vegetated habitats for coastal protection and climate change mitigation are assessed, and the potential benefit of using these habitats in eco-engineering solutions for coast protection is discussed.Abstract:
Marine vegetated habitats occupy a small fraction of the ocean surface, but contribute about 50% of the carbon that is buried in marine sediments. In this Review the potential benefits of conservation, restoration and use of these habitats for coastal protection and climate change mitigation are assessed. Marine vegetated habitats (seagrasses, salt-marshes, macroalgae and mangroves) occupy 0.2% of the ocean surface, but contribute 50% of carbon burial in marine sediments. Their canopies dissipate wave energy and high burial rates raise the seafloor, buffering the impacts of rising sea level and wave action that are associated with climate change. The loss of a third of the global cover of these ecosystems involves a loss of CO2 sinks and the emission of 1 Pg CO2 annually. The conservation, restoration and use of vegetated coastal habitats in eco-engineering solutions for coastal protection provide a promising strategy, delivering significant capacity for climate change mitigation and adaption.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Australian vegetated coastal ecosystems as global hotspots for climate change mitigation
Oscar Serrano,Catherine E. Lovelock,Trisha B. Atwood,Trisha B. Atwood,Peter I. Macreadie,Robert Franklin C Canto,Stuart R. Phinn,Ariane Arias-Ortiz,Le Bai,Jeff Baldock,Camila Bedulli,Camila Bedulli,Paul E. Carnell,Rod M. Connolly,Paul Donaldson,Alba Esteban,Carolyn J. Ewers Lewis,Bradley D. Eyre,Matthew A. Hayes,Matthew A. Hayes,Pierre Horwitz,Lindsay B. Hutley,Christopher R. J. Kavazos,Christopher R. J. Kavazos,Jeffrey J. Kelleway,Gary A. Kendrick,Kieryn Kilminster,Kieryn Kilminster,Anna Lafratta,Shing Lee,Shing Lee,Paul S. Lavery,Paul S. Lavery,Damien T. Maher,Núria Marbà,Pere Masqué,Miguel Ángel Mateo,Miguel Ángel Mateo,RE Mount,Peter J. Ralph,Chris Roelfsema,Mohammad Rozaimi,Mohammad Rozaimi,Radhiyah Ruhon,Radhiyah Ruhon,Cristian Salinas,Jimena Samper-Villarreal,Jimena Samper-Villarreal,Jonathan Sanderman,Jonathan Sanderman,Christian J. Sanders,Isaac R. Santos,C Sharples,Andrew D. L. Steven,Toni Cannard,Stacey M. Trevathan-Tackett,Carlos M. Duarte,Carlos M. Duarte +57 more
TL;DR: This assessment, the most comprehensive for any nation to-date, demonstrates the potential of conservation and restoration of VCE to underpin national policy development for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Contrasting futures for ocean and society from different anthropogenic CO2 emissions scenarios
Jean-Pierre Gattuso,Jean-Pierre Gattuso,Alexandre K. Magnan,Raphaël Billé,William W. L. Cheung,Ella L. Howes,Fortunat Joos,D. Allemand,Laurent Bopp,Sarah R. Cooley,C. M. Eakin,Ove Hoegh-Guldberg,Ryan P. Kelly,Hans-Otto Pörtner,Alex Rogers,John M. Baxter,D. Laffoley,D. Osborn,Aleksandar Rankovic,Julien Rochette,Ussif Rashid Sumaila,Sébastien Treyer,Carol Turley +22 more
TL;DR: The physics, chemistry, and ecology of the oceans might be affected based on two CO2 emission trajectories: one business as usual and one with aggressive reductions, consistent with the Copenhagen Accord of keeping mean global temperature increase below 2°C in the 21st century.
Journal ArticleDOI
Scientists' Warning to Humanity: Microorganisms and Climate Change
Ricardo Cavicchioli,William J. Ripple,Kenneth N. Timmis,Farooq Azam,Lars R. Bakken,Matthew Baylis,Michael J. Behrenfeld,Antje Boetius,Philip W. Boyd,Aimée T. Classen,Thomas W. Crowther,Roberto Danovaro,Christine M. Foreman,Jef Huisman,David A. Hutchins,Janet K. Jansson,David M. Karl,Britt Koskella,David B. Mark Welch,Jennifer B. H. Martiny,Mary Ann Moran,Victoria J. Orphan,David S. Reay,Justin V. Remais,Virginia I. Rich,Brajesh K. Singh,Lisa Y. Stein,Frank J. Stewart,Matthew B. Sullivan,Madeleine J. H. van Oppen,Madeleine J. H. van Oppen,Scott C. Weaver,Eric A. Webb,Nicole S. Webster,Nicole S. Webster +34 more
TL;DR: This Consensus Statement documents the central role and global importance of microorganisms in climate change biology and puts humanity on notice that the impact of climate change will depend heavily on responses of micro organisms, which are essential for achieving an environmentally sustainable future.
Global trends in wind speed and wave height over the past 25 years
TL;DR: A 23-year database of calibrated and validated satellite altimeter measurements is used to investigate global changes in oceanic wind speed and wave height over this period and finds a general global trend of increasing values of windspeed and, to a lesser degree, wave height.
Journal ArticleDOI
Wave attenuation over coastal salt marshes under storm surge conditions
Iris Möller,Matthias Kudella,Franziska Rupprecht,Tom Spencer,Maike Paul,Bregje K. van Wesenbeeck,Guido Wolters,Kai Jensen,Tjeerd J. Bouma,Martin Miranda-Lange,Stefan Schimmels +10 more
TL;DR: In this paper, wave flume experiments show that marsh vegetation causes substantial wave dissipation and prevents erosion of the underlying surface, even during extreme storm surge conditions, and salt marshes protect coastlines against waves.
References
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Climate change 2007: the physical science basis
Susan Solomon,Dahe Qin,Martin R. Manning,Melinda Marquis,Kristen Averyt,Melinda M.B. Tignor,H. L. Miller,Z. Chen +7 more
TL;DR: The first volume of the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report as mentioned in this paper was published in 2007 and covers several topics including the extensive range of observations now available for the atmosphere and surface, changes in sea level, assesses the paleoclimatic perspective, climate change causes both natural and anthropogenic, and climate models for projections of global climate.
Journal ArticleDOI
The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital
Robert Costanza,Rudolf de Groot,Stephen Farberk,Monica Grasso,Bruce Hannon,Karin E. Limburg,Shahid Naeem,José M. Paruelo,Robert Raskin,Paul Suttonkk,Marjan van den Belt +10 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors have estimated the current economic value of 17 ecosystem services for 16 biomes, based on published studies and a few original calculations, for the entire biosphere, the value (most of which is outside the market) is estimated to be in the range of US$16-54 trillion (10^(12)) per year, with an average of US $33 trillion per year.
BookDOI
Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation. Special report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
TL;DR: In this paper, a special report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation (SREX) has been jointly coordinated by Working Groups I (WGI) and II (WGII) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
Journal ArticleDOI
The value of estuarine and coastal ecosystem services
Edward B. Barbier,Sally D. Hacker,Chris J. Kennedy,Evamaria W. Koch,Adrian C. Stier,Brian R. Silliman +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the main ecological services across a variety of estuarine and coastal ecosystems (ECEs) including marshes, mangroves, nearshore coral reefs, seagrass beds, and sand beaches and dunes are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Accelerating loss of seagrasses across the globe threatens coastal ecosystems
Michelle Waycott,Carlos M. Duarte,Tim J. B. Carruthers,Robert J. Orth,William C. Dennison,Suzanne V. Olyarnik,Ainsley Calladine,James W. Fourqurean,Kenneth L. Heck,A. Randall Hughes,Gary A. Kendrick,W. Judson Kenworthy,Frederick T. Short,Susan L. Williams +13 more
TL;DR: This comprehensive global assessment of 215 studies found that seagrasses have been disappearing at a rate of 110 km2 yr−1 since 1980 and that 29% of the known areal extent has disappeared since seagRass areas were initially recorded in 1879.