The role of hydropower in renewable energy sector toward co2 emission reduction during the COVID-19 pandemic
TL;DR: In this article, social distance became a necessary strategy adopted in order to curb the fast-rise of infection due to the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Abstract: Due to the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic social distance became a necessary strategy adopted in order to curb the fast-rise of infection. However, this strategy adopted by the government has...
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight the substantial impact of COVID-19 pandemic on GHG emissions, by systematically reviewing the available scientific literatures, and they further outlined the variation in GHG emission by comparing the data focused on pre-pandemic, during pandemic, and post-Pandemic scenarios.
61 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the impact of an increasing share of wind and solar electricity production on reducing carbon intensity by controlling coal and lignite domestic consumption and the production of refined oil products in a world aggregated data panel.
Abstract: The global energy mix is shifting from fossil fuels to combinations of multiple energy storage and generation types. Hybrid energy system advancements provide opportunities for developing and deploying innovative green technology solutions that can further reduce emissions and achieve net-zero emissions by 2050. This study examined the impact of an increasing share of wind and solar electricity production on reducing carbon intensity by controlling coal and lignite domestic consumption and the production of refined oil products in a world aggregated data panel. Data covering the last three decades were used for the analysis by the ARDL bounds testing approach. The results showed that an increasing share of wind and solar electricity production would be helpful to decrease carbon intensity in the short and long term. On the other hand, a 1% increase in coal and domestic lignite consumption increased carbon intensity by 0.343% in the short run and 0.174% in the long run. The production of refined oil products decreases carbon intensity by 0.510% in the short run and 0.700% in the long run. However, refining oil products is associated with positive and negative environmental externalities. The positive aspect depends upon the removal of harmful pollutants and the production of cleaner-burning fuels, while the negative part is related to the operational side of refineries and processing plants that may release contaminants into the atmosphere, affecting global air and water quality. Hence, it is crucial to improve processing and refining capacity to produce better-refined oil products by using renewable fuels in energy production. It is proposed that these are the most cost-effective pathways to achieve industrial decarbonization.
39 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigated the impact of economic growth, hydropower generation, and urbanization on Malaysia's CO2 emissions by applying Quantile Autoregressive Lagged (QARDL) technique for the period of 1965Q1 to 2018Q4.
Abstract: The present study investigates the impact of economic growth, hydropower generation, and urbanization on Malaysia’s CO2 emissions. This study applies Quantile Autoregressive Lagged (QARDL) technique for the period of 1965Q1 to 2018Q4. The Granger-causality in quantiles is applied to confirm the causal nexus among the modeled variables. The outcomes demonstrate that hydropower generation decreases the detrimental effects of CO2 emissions at the range of high quantile levels. Furthermore, urbanization, except for higher quantiles, exhibits negative impacts on CO2 emissions. Also, the QARDL coefficients confirm the presence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis from median to higher quantiles. Besides, the Granger-causality test confirms the two-way causality among CO2 emissions and hydropower generation in Malaysia’s economy and the same for the other series. The policymakers should enhance the market attractiveness of hydropower generation projects through incentives for the investors.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors designed an initial prediction-parameter training-error correction-assignment combination approach to simulate renewable energy consumption in a no pandemic scenario, and calculated the difference between the "pandemic" and "no pandemic" scenarios for renewable power consumption.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors used Water Evaluation and Planning Systems (WEAP) software for modelling the natural streamflow condition of Glomma River, which is the longest river in Norway, using two unregulated sub-basins within the Glommaa catchment.
Abstract: Abstract Generally, low flow in rivers occur as a result of extended period of dryness which is likely attributed to drought. Drought is a natural occurrence as an outcome of reduction in precipitation in a region for a long time. Hence, low flow is a growing concern as there are possibilities of more reduced flows in rivers. However, reservoirs can be utilized to mitigate negative effects on the supply of water in dry periods and supply water for other purposes. This study aims at verifying how the low flow condition of Glomma River in Norway has been progressively sustained by hydropower reservoirs. Water Evaluation and Planning Systems (WEAP) software was used for modelling the natural streamflow condition of Glomma River, which is the longest river in Norway, using two unregulated sub-basins within the Glomma catchment. Findings from this study presents that the period between January and March are critical periods in Glomma River. Results show that the values the annual minimum low flow gotten from the three gauges suggest the flow after regulation has increased significantly as opposed to before regulation. The daily average flow is simulated by WEAP to be an average of 100 m 3 /s during the low flow periods and an average discharge of 350 m 3 /s during the summer. However, the result indicates that the flow in the summer has reduced by 80% in majority of the years. In addition, Nash Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) for the two sub basins used for this study was 0.9 and 0.76, respectively. Also, the calculation of the coefficient of determination ( R 2 ) resulted in 0.85 and 0.78 respectively for the two sub basins. In particular, findings from this study presents evidence on the low flow condition in Glomma River prior to its regulation and how the regulation has sustained the flow.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compile government policies and activity data to estimate the decrease in CO2 emissions during forced confinements during the COVID-19 pandemic, which drastically altered patterns of energy demand around the world.
Abstract: Government policies during the COVID-19 pandemic have drastically altered patterns of energy demand around the world. Many international borders were closed and populations were confined to their homes, which reduced transport and changed consumption patterns. Here we compile government policies and activity data to estimate the decrease in CO2 emissions during forced confinements. Daily global CO2 emissions decreased by –17% (–11 to –25% for ±1σ) by early April 2020 compared with the mean 2019 levels, just under half from changes in surface transport. At their peak, emissions in individual countries decreased by –26% on average. The impact on 2020 annual emissions depends on the duration of the confinement, with a low estimate of –4% (–2 to –7%) if prepandemic conditions return by mid-June, and a high estimate of –7% (–3 to –13%) if some restrictions remain worldwide until the end of 2020. Government actions and economic incentives postcrisis will likely influence the global CO2 emissions path for decades.
1,461 citations
"The role of hydropower in renewable..." refers background in this paper
...As international borders were closed, and residents were confined to their homes, mobility decreased and energy consumption patterns changed (Le Quéré et al. 2020)....
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...Le Quéré et al. (2020) further mentioned that before the COVID-19 pandemic, CO2 emissions were increasing for about 1% Figure 7....
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...A report published by CarbonBrief (www.carbonbrief.org), on 19th May 2020, suggests about 17% global decrease in daily CO2 emissions across 69 countries (Le Quéré et al. 2020; Peters et al. 2020)....
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...Le Quéré et al. (2020) mentioned that 69 countries have now had imposed some type of quarantine measures between the beginning of January 2020 to May 2020....
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...In 2018, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published a report which stated that the climate is increasing by 0.2°C per decade (Le Quéré et al. 2020)....
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TL;DR: Because CO2 is a greenhouse gas, its increase in the atmosphere may influence the earth's energy budget and influence world ecosystems by direct effects on plant growth and development.
Abstract: Evidence from many sources shows that the concentration of atmospheric CO2 is steadily rising (61, 17). This rise is strongly correlated with the increase in global consumption of fossil fuels (104). There are also significant contributions from the clearing of forests, especially in the tropics (136, 55). Controversy continues, however, as to whether the biosphere is presently a source or a sink for carbon (see 52, 54, 56). Despite this controversy, most scientists agree that rising CO2 levels will have substantial direct and indirect effects on the biosphere (80). Because CO2 is a greenhouse gas, its increase in the atmosphere may influence the earth's energy budget. Several climatologists have used general circulation models to predict changes in mean annual global temperature (58, 108). While these models differ in detail, they all predict increased global warming and substantial shifts in precipitation patterns. Recently, some scientists (60) have questioned the predictions of these models. But regardless of changes in global temperature and other climate variables, rising CO2 can influence world ecosystems by direct effects on plant growth and development. The large body of literature on the response of crops and intensively managed forests to elevated CO2 is not treated in this review because there are
1,213 citations
"The role of hydropower in renewable..." refers background in this paper
...Moreover, in the year 2018, 76% of the energy supply consumed across the world is from fossil fuel combustion (Olivier, Schure, and Peters 2017) which affects the environment and biodiversity as well as inherently results in climate change (Bazzaz 1990)....
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TL;DR: Practical guide based on how to use telemedicine and virtual care during the COVID-19 pandemic and implication on the potentials of consolidating virtual care solutions in the near future towards contributing to integrate digital technologies into healthcare are provided.
Abstract: The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused significant strain on medical centers resources. Thus, concerns about the reducing and management of COVID-19 are on the rise, as there is need to provide diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, and follow-ups during the pandemic. Therefore, the COVID-19 pandemic has radically and quickly altered how medical practitioners provide care to patients. Medical centers are now responding to COVID-19 through rapid adoption of digital tools and technologies such as telemedicine and virtual care which refer to the delivery of healthcare services digital or at a distance using Information and Communications Technology (ICT) for treatment of patients. Telemedicine is expected to deliver timely care while minimizing exposure to protect medical practitioners and patients. Accordingly, a rapid literature review was conducted, and 35 research studies published from 2019 to May 2020 were employed to provide theoretical and practical evidence on the significance of using telemedicine and virtual care for remote treatment of patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article provides practical guide based on how to use telemedicine and virtual care during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study provides implication on the potentials of consolidating virtual care solutions in the near future towards contributing to integrate digital technologies into healthcare.
455 citations
"The role of hydropower in renewable..." refers background or methods in this paper
...Hence, several sectors have been affected by the pandemic as reported in the literature (Anthony Jnr, 2020a; Bokolo 2020)....
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...As recommended by (Jnr 2020), the research method adopted in this study is shown in Figure 1....
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...By December 2020, about 80 million people were confirmed infected in 191 countries with over 1.7 million global death recorded by the Center for System Sciences and Engineering (CSSE) Johns Hopkins University (Jnr 2020; John Hopkins center 2020)....
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...Furthermore, investment in renewable energy has been increasing as investors, predominantly in Europe, are putting pressure on oil corporations to decrease CO2 emissions (Anthony Jnr 2020b; Wolde-Rufael and Weldemeskel 2020)....
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TL;DR: A failure to recognize the factors behind continued emissions growth could limit the world's ability to shift to a pathway consistent with 1.5 °C or 2 °C of global warming as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A failure to recognize the factors behind continued emissions growth could limit the world’s ability to shift to a pathway consistent with 1.5 °C or 2 °C of global warming. Continued support for low-carbon technologies needs to be combined with policies directed at phasing out the use of fossil fuels.
317 citations
TL;DR: The findings suggest that telemedicine and virtual software are capable of decreasing emergency room visits, safeguarding healthcare resources, and lessening the spread of COVID-19 by remotely treating patients during and after the CO VID-19 pandemic.
Abstract: As the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread across countries, the need for innovative measures to provide high-quality patient care and manage its spread has become more imperative. Software-based systems such as medical software applications could provide valuable suggestion on health-related information to physicians towards improving quality of life, especially for outpatients (e.g., elderly, immunosuppressed, pregnant women). The use of telemedicine and virtual software offers promising potential in the fight against COVID-19. Accordingly, by means of expedited literature and document review, this paper provides implication on the opportunities, application, and challenges of telemedicine and existing virtual software currently adopted as suitable initiatives for reducing the spread of COVID-19. More importantly, findings present factors that impact adoption of telemedicine. The findings suggest that telemedicine and virtual software are capable of decreasing emergency room visits, safeguarding healthcare resources, and lessening the spread of COVID-19 by remotely treating patients during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
227 citations
"The role of hydropower in renewable..." refers background in this paper
...Hence, several sectors have been affected by the pandemic as reported in the literature (Anthony Jnr, 2020a; Bokolo 2020)....
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