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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

The Role of Macrophages in the Development of Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Lung Diseases.

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TLDR
In this article, a review summarizes the functions of macrophages and their associated underlying mechanisms in the development of acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), ARDS related to COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)), allergic asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in the innate and adaptive immune responses of organ systems, including the lungs, to particles and pathogens. Cumulative results show that macrophages contribute to the development and progression of acute or chronic inflammatory responses through the secretion of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and the activation of transcription factors in the pathogenesis of inflammatory lung diseases, such as acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), ARDS related to COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)), allergic asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This review summarizes the functions of macrophages and their associated underlying mechanisms in the development of ALI, ARDS, COVID-19-related ARDS, allergic asthma, COPD, and IPF and briefly introduces the acute and chronic experimental animal models. Thus, this review suggests an effective therapeutic approach that focuses on the regulation of macrophage function in the context of inflammatory lung diseases.

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Oxidative Stress, Kinase Activation, and Inflammatory Pathways Involved in Effects on Smooth Muscle Cells During Pulmonary Artery Hypertension Under Hypobaric Hypoxia Exposure.

TL;DR: In this article, a review summarizes the alterations in molecular pathways related to oxidative stress, inflammation, kinase activation, and other processes that occur in smooth muscle cells during pulmonary hypertension under hypobaric hypoxia and proposes updates to pharmacological treatments to mitigate the pathological changes in PASMCs under such conditions.
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Pulmonary macrophages and their different roles in health and disease.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the origin and function of pulmonary macrophages in the context of homeostasis, infectious and non-infectious lung diseases, and discuss the role of macrophage in lung damage during persistent inflammation or continuous exposure to antigens.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019.

TL;DR: Human airway epithelial cells were used to isolate a novel coronavirus, named 2019-nCoV, which formed a clade within the subgenus sarbecovirus, Orthocoronavirinae subfamily, which is the seventh member of the family of coronaviruses that infect humans.
Journal ArticleDOI

Alternative activation of macrophages

TL;DR: The evidence in favour of alternative macrophage activation by the TH2-type cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 is assessed, and its limits and relevance to a range of immune and inflammatory conditions are defined.
Journal ArticleDOI

The Nature of Small-Airway Obstruction in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

TL;DR: Progression of COPD is associated with the accumulation of inflammatory mucous exudates in the lumen and infiltration of the wall by innate and adaptive inflammatory immune cells that form lymphoid follicles, coupled to a repair or remodeling process that thickens the walls of these airways.
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Trending Questions (2)
What role do macrophages play in COVID-19?

The paper does not specifically mention the role of macrophages in COVID-19.

What is the function of macrophages?

Macrophages play a role in the development and progression of inflammatory lung diseases through the secretion of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and activation of transcription factors.