Journal ArticleDOI
The role of nasal carriage in Staphylococcus aureus infections.
Heiman F. L. Wertheim,Damian C. Melles,Margreet C. Vos,Willem B. van Leeuwen,Alex van Belkum,Henri A. Verbrugh,Jan L. Nouwen +6 more
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TLDR
In this paper, the authors present an overview of the current knowledge of the determinants (both human and bacterial) and risks of S aureus nasal carriage, and summarise the population dynamics of SA.Abstract:
Staphylococcus aureus is a frequent cause of infections in both the community and hospital. Worldwide, the increasing resistance of this pathogen to various antibiotics complicates treatment of S aureus infections. Effective measures to prevent S aureus infections are therefore urgently needed. It has been shown that nasal carriers of S aureus have an increased risk of acquiring an infection with this pathogen. The nose is the main ecological niche where S aureus resides in human beings, but the determinants of the carrier state are incompletely understood. Eradication of S aureus from nasal carriers prevents infection in specific patient categories-eg, haemodialysis and general surgery patients. However, recent randomised clinical trials in orthopaedic and non-surgical patients failed to show the efficacy of eliminating S aureus from the nose to prevent subsequent infection. Thus we must elucidate the mechanisms behind S aureus nasal carriage and infection to be able to develop new preventive strategies. We present an overview of the current knowledge of the determinants (both human and bacterial) and risks of S aureus nasal carriage. Studies on the population dynamics of S aureus are also summarised.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Staphylococcus aureus Infections: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Management
TL;DR: This review comprehensively covers the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management of S. aureus as a leading cause of bacteremia and infective endocarditis as well as osteoarticular, skin and soft tissue, pleuropulmonary, and device-related infections.
Journal ArticleDOI
Preventing Surgical-Site Infections in Nasal Carriers of Staphylococcus aureus
Diana Bogaers,R. Roosendaal,Annet Troelstra,Andreas Voss,Ingeborg van der Tweel,Alex van Belkum,Henri A. Verbrugh,Margreet C. Vos +7 more
TL;DR: The number of surgical-site S. aureus infections acquired in the hospital can be reduced by rapid screening and decolonizing of nasal carriers of S.aureus on admission, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pathogenesis of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection
TL;DR: General aspects of staphylococcal pathogenesis are addressed, with emphasis on methicillin-resistant strains and factors or genetic backgrounds that may enhance their virulence or may enable them to cause particular clinical syndromes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Staphylococcus epidermidis Esp inhibits Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation and nasal colonization
Tadayuki Iwase,Yoshio Uehara,Hitomi Shinji,Akiko Tajima,Hiromi Seo,Koji Takada,Toshihiko Agata,Yoshimitsu Mizunoe +7 more
TL;DR: It is shown that the serine protease Esp secreted by a subset of Staphylococcus epidermidis, a commensal bacterium, inhibits biofilm formation and nasal colonization by S. aureus, a human pathogen.
Journal ArticleDOI
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Molecular Characterization, Evolution, and Epidemiology
Sahreena Lakhundi,Kunyan Zhang +1 more
TL;DR: The origin of MRSA is described, with emphasis on the diverse nature of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec).
References
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TL;DR: The proportion of nosocomial BSIs due to antibiotic-resistant organisms is increasing in US hospitals, and in neutropenic patients, infections with Candida species, enterococci, and viridans group streptococci were significantly more common.
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Multilocus sequence typing for characterization of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible clones of Staphylococcus aureus.
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TL;DR: A multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme has been developed for Staphylococcus aureus and provides an unambiguous method for assigning MRSA and MSSA isolates to known clones or assigning them as novel clones via the Internet.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus: epidemiology, underlying mechanisms, and associated risks.
TL;DR: Elimination of carriage of S. aureus has been found to reduce the infection rates in surgical patients and those on hemodialysis and CAPD, and those colonized with MRSA.
Journal ArticleDOI
Whole genome sequencing of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Makoto Kuroda,Toshiko Ohta,Ikuo Uchiyama,Tadashi Baba,Harumi Yuzawa,Ichizo Kobayashi,Longzhu Cui,Akio Oguchi,Ken-ichi Aoki,Yoshimi Nagai,JianQi Lian,Teruyo Ito,Mutsumi Kanamori,Hiroyuki Matsumaru,Atsushi Maruyama,Hiroyuki Murakami,Akira Hosoyama,Yoko Mizutani-Ui,Noriko K. Takahashi,Toshihiko Sawano,Ryu-ichi Inoue,Chikara Kaito,Kazuhisa Sekimizu,Hideki Hirakawa,Satoru Kuhara,Susumu Goto,Junko Yabuzaki,Minoru Kanehisa,Atsushi Yamashita,Kenshiro Oshima,Keiko Furuya,Chie Yoshino,Tadayoshi Shiba,Masahira Hattori,Naotake Ogasawara,Hideo Hayashi,Keiichi Hiramatsu +36 more
TL;DR: Investigation of many newly identified gene products, including the 70 putative virulence factors, will greatly improve the understanding of the biology of staphylococci and the processes of infectious diseases caused by S aureus.