Journal ArticleDOI
The role of the natural environment in the emergence of antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria
Elizabeth M. H. Wellington,Alistair B.A. Boxall,Paul C. Cross,Edward J. Feil,William H. Gaze,Peter M. Hawkey,Peter M. Hawkey,Ashley S. Johnson-Rollings,Davey L. Jones,Nick Lee,Wilfred Otten,Christopher M. Thomas,A. Prysor Williams +12 more
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
Although the economics of the pharmaceutical industry continue to restrict investment in novel biomedical responses, action must be taken to avoid the conjunction of factors that promote evolution and spread of antibiotic resistance.Abstract:
During the past 10 years, multidrug-resistant Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae have become a substantial challenge to infection control. It has been suggested by clinicians that the effectiveness of antibiotics is in such rapid decline that, depending on the pathogen concerned, their future utility can be measured in decades or even years. Unless the rise in antibiotic resistance can be reversed, we can expect to see a substantial rise in incurable infection and fatality in both developed and developing regions. Antibiotic resistance develops through complex interactions, with resistance arising by de-novo mutation under clinical antibiotic selection or frequently by acquisition of mobile genes that have evolved over time in bacteria in the environment. The reservoir of resistance genes in the environment is due to a mix of naturally occurring resistance and those present in animal and human waste and the selective effects of pollutants, which can co-select for mobile genetic elements carrying multiple resistant genes. Less attention has been given to how anthropogenic activity might be causing evolution of antibiotic resistance in the environment. Although the economics of the pharmaceutical industry continue to restrict investment in novel biomedical responses, action must be taken to avoid the conjunction of factors that promote evolution and spread of antibiotic resistance.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Antibiotic resistance—the need for global solutions
Ramanan Laxminarayan,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Adriano Duse,Chand Wattal,Anita K. M. Zaidi,Heiman F. L. Wertheim,Nithima Sumpradit,Erika Vlieghe,Gabriel Levy Hara,Ian M. Gould,Herman Goossens,Christina Greko,Anthony D. So,Maryam Bigdeli,Goeran Tomson,Will Woodhouse,Eva Ombaka,Arturo Quizhpe Peralta,Farah Naz Qamar,Fatima Mir,Sam Kariuki,Zulfigar A. Bhutta,Anthony R.M. Coates,Richard Bergstrom,Gerard D. Wright,Eric D. Brown,Otto Cars +27 more
TL;DR: The global situation of antibiotic resistance, its major causes and consequences, and key areas in which action is urgently needed are described and identified.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance.
TL;DR: Recent advances in understanding of the mechanisms by which bacteria are either intrinsically resistant or acquire resistance to antibiotics are reviewed, including the prevention of access to drug targets, changes in the structure and protection of antibiotic targets and the direct modification or inactivation of antibiotics.
Journal ArticleDOI
Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance
Alison Holmes,Luke S. P. Moore,Arnfinn Sundsfjord,Arnfinn Sundsfjord,Martin Steinbakk,Sadie Regmi,Abhilasha Karkey,Philippe J Guerin,Laura J. V. Piddock +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a framework to combat the threat to human health and biosecurity from antimicrobial resistance, an understanding of its mechanisms and drivers is needed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antibiotic resistance: a rundown of a global crisis.
Bilal Aslam,Wei Wang,Muhammad Imran Arshad,Mohsin Khurshid,Saima Muzammil,Muhammad Hidayat Rasool,Muhammad Atif Nisar,Ruman Farooq Alvi,Muhammad Aamir Aslam,Muhammad Usman Qamar,Muhammad Khalid Farooq Salamat,Zulqarnain Baloch +11 more
TL;DR: Progressive alternate approaches including probiotics, antibodies, and vaccines have shown promising results in trials that suggest the role of these alternatives as preventive or adjunct therapies in future.
Antimicrobials: access and sustainable eff ectiveness 2 Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance
Alison Holmes,Luke Sp Moore,Martin Steinbakk,Sadie Regmi,Philippe J Guerin,Laura J. V. Piddock +5 more
TL;DR: To combat the threat to human health and biosecurity from antimicrobial resistance, an understanding of its mechanisms and drivers is needed, and broad ranging, multidisciplinary research is needed across these five levels.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999-2000: a national reconnaissance.
Dana W. Kolpin,Edward T. Furlong,Michael T. Meyer,E. Michael Thurman,Steven D. Zaugg,Larry B. Barber,Herbert T. Buxton +6 more
TL;DR: The U.S. Geological Survey used five newly developed analytical methods to measure concentrations of 95 organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs) in water samples from a network of 139 streams across 30 states during 1999 and 2000 as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment: agents of subtle change?
TL;DR: This review attempts to synthesize the literature on environmental origin, distribution/occurrence, and effects and to catalyze a more focused discussion in the environmental science community.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antibiotics in the aquatic environment - A review - Part II
TL;DR: This review brings up important questions that are still open, and addresses some significant issues which must be tackled in the future for a better understanding of the behavior of antibiotics in the environment, as well as the risks associated with their occurrence.
Journal ArticleDOI
Outpatient antibiotic use in Europe and association with resistance: a cross-national database study
TL;DR: Outpatient antibiotic use in 26 countries in Europe between Jan 1, 1997, and Dec 31, 2002 was investigated by calculating the number of defined daily doses (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants per day according to WHO anatomic therapeutic chemical classification and DDD measurement methodology, and the ecological association between antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance rates was assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficients.
Journal ArticleDOI
Occurrence, fate, and removal of pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment: a review of recent research data
TL;DR: Several PhACs from various prescription classes have been found at concentrations up to the microg/l-level in sewage influent and effluent samples and also in several surface waters located downstream from municipal sewage treatment plants (STPs).