Journal ArticleDOI
The role of uric acid in the pathogenesis of human cardiovascular disease
Mehmet Kanbay,Mark S. Segal,Baris Afsar,Duk Hee Kang,Bernardo Rodriguez-Iturbe,Richard J. Johnson +5 more
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TLDR
Uric acid may also have emerging roles in the pathogenesis of kidney disease, metabolic syndrome and diabetes and more studies need to be performed on the pathophysiology and clinical consequences of hyperuricaemia in cardiovascular disease.Abstract:
Hyperuricaemia is common in subjects with cardiovascular disease, but is not commonly considered a true risk factor. Recent studies suggest that uric acid is biologically active and can stimulate oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and vasoconstriction. Epidemiological studies have found that uric acid can independently predict the development of hypertension, as well as stroke and heart failure. Experimentally raising uric acid in animals increases blood pressure, and pilot studies suggest that lowering uric acid in humans can reduce blood pressure in hypertensive individuals. Uric acid may also have emerging roles in the pathogenesis of kidney disease, metabolic syndrome and diabetes. More studies need to be performed on the pathophysiology and clinical consequences of hyperuricaemia in cardiovascular disease.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Sugar, Uric Acid, and the Etiology of Diabetes and Obesity
Richard J. Johnson,Richard J. Johnson,Takahiko Nakagawa,Takahiko Nakagawa,L. Gabriela Sánchez-Lozada,Mohamed Shafiu,Shikha S. Sundaram,MyPhuong T. Le,Takuji Ishimoto,Yuri Y. Sautin,Miguel A. Lanaspa +10 more
TL;DR: The hypothesis that fructose-mediated generation of uric acid may have a causal role in diabetes and obesity is revisited and new insights into pathogenesis and therapies for this important disease are provided.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prognostic Value of Elevated Levels of Intestinal Microbe-Generated Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-oxide in Patients with Heart Failure: Refining the Gut Hypothesis
W.H. Wilson Tang,Zeneng Wang,Yiying Fan,Bruce S. Levison,Jennie E. Hazen,Lillian M. Donahue,Yuping Wu,Stanley L. Hazen +7 more
TL;DR: High TMAO levels were observed in patients with HF, and elevated TMAo levels portended higher long-term mortality risk independent of traditional risk factors and cardiorenal indexes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Physiological functions and pathogenic potential of uric acid: A review
TL;DR: Uric acid, C5H4N4O3, 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione, molecular mass 168 Da, is a product of the metabolic breakdown of purine nucleotides (adenine and guanine).
Journal ArticleDOI
Uric acid and cardiovascular disease.
TL;DR: Experimental and clinical studies have evidenced several mechanisms through which elevated UA level exerts deleterious effects on cardiovascular health including increased oxidative stress, reduced availability of nitric oxide and endothelial dysfunction, promotion of local and systemic inflammation, vasoconstriction and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, insulin resistance and metabolic dysregulation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Potential role of uric acid in metabolic syndrome, hypertension, kidney injury, and cardiovascular diseases: is it time for reappraisal?
TL;DR: The available evidence supporting a role for uric acid in the development of metabolic syndrome, hypertension, renal disease, and cardiovascular disorder is discussed; and the potential pathophysiology mechanisms involved are discussed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Uric acid provides an antioxidant defense in humans against oxidant- and radical-caused aging and cancer: a hypothesis.
TL;DR: It is shown that, at physiological concentrations, urate reduces the oxo-heme oxidant formed by peroxide reaction with hemoglobin, protects erythrocyte ghosts against lipid peroxidation, and protects ERYthrocytes from peroxidative damage leading to lysis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adiponectin and Adiponectin Receptors
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Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular identification of a danger signal that alerts the immune system to dying cells
TL;DR: Uric acid stimulates dendritic cell maturation and, when co-injected with antigen in vivo, significantly enhances the generation of responses from CD8+ T cells, and have important implications for vaccines, autoimmunity and inflammation.
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