The roles of selenium in protecting plants against abiotic stresses
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...…be a beneficial element since it can stimulate growth, confer tolerance to environmental factors inducing oxidative stress, and provide resistance to pathogens and herbivory (Quinn et al., 2007; Pilon-Smits et al., 2009; White and Brown, 2010; El Mehdawi and Pilon-Smits, 2012; Feng et al., 2013)....
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...Under the availability of Se, GSH-Px activity might be modulated due to higher selenocysteine formation at the catalytic site of GSH-Px [27,173]....
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...The enhanced activity of GSH-Px and GR lowered the levels of H2O2 and MDA and improved the growth of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants by overcoming ROS-stimulated oxidative damage under soil salinity stress [24]....
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...Under salinity stress, regardless of the mode of Se application, Se enhanced the GSH-Px and GR activity compared to controls [27,28]....
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...It is believed that enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, such as SOD, POD, APX, CAT, GSH-Px, and GR, are positively interconnected in response to Se supplementation to induce salinity tolerance in crop plants [22,131]....
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...Abbreviations Se-NPs Selenium-nanoparticles GSH Reduced glutathione GSSG Oxidized glutathione DHAR Dehydroascorbate reductase MDHAR Monodehydroascorbate reductase GST Glutathione S-transferase GR Glutathione reductase POX peroxidase PAL Activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase GSH-Px Glutathione peroxidase CAT Catalase activity APX Ascorbate peroxidase activity SOD Superoxide dismutase activity POD Peroxidase activity GPX Glutathione peroxidase activity MDAR Monodehydroascorbate reductase activity RWC Relative water contents TBARS Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances NPQ Non-photochemical quenching MDA Malondialdehyde RuBPCase Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate-carboxylase/oxygenase content SPAD Chlorophyll content in leaves H2O2 Hydrogen peroxide ATP Adenosine triphosphate NADP+ Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate MAPK Mitogen activated protein kinase gene CPK Calcium dependent protein kinase gen NADK2 NAD kinase2 gene ALMT Aluminum-activated malate transporters SULTRs Sulfate transporters γ-GK γ-Glutamyl kinase NHX Sodium/hydrogen (Na+/H+) exchanger gene PSII Photosystem II NPK Nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium...
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"The roles of selenium in protecting..." refers background in this paper
...In non-accumulating plants, the substitution of Se for S to form Secontaining proteins is considered a major mechanism of Se toxicity (Terry et al., 2000)....
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