The roles of TGFβ in the tumour microenvironment
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Cites background from "The roles of TGFβ in the tumour mic..."
...Its roles in tumor suppression and its extensive roles in cancer progression through direct effects on the cancer cells themselves, as well as the microenvironment, are the subject of many reviews (Bierie and Moses 2006; Ikushima and Miyazono 2010; Pickup et al. 2013)....
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Cites background from "The roles of TGFβ in the tumour mic..."
...But just to demonstrate how components of the TME integrate with other hallmarks we select the cancer-associated fibroblasts....
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...Moreover, it is known that more than 5% of acute myeloid leukemia allograft recipients show complete-chimerism relapse with original leukemic cells, strengthening the argument for TME as a driver of leukemogenesis [172]....
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...It is clear that even the initial hallmarks list contains tissue-relevant rather than cancer-cell-specific components (e.g. angiogenesis) [1] and Hallmarks II has a section dealing with the tumor microenvironment (TME) [2]....
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...Take transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) as an example, this conventional anti-growth ligand has been conversely shown to be implicated in tumorprogression both by stimulating cancer-cell dedifferentiation [22] and reshaping the TME [23]....
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...Furthermore, different cancer-cell subpopulations may act as the abetting neighbors (or TME in a sense) of one another, the concept of intratumoral heterogeneity....
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646 citations
References
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