The skin prick test – European standards
Lucie Heinzerling,Adriano Mari,Karl Christian Bergmann,Megon Bresciani,GJ Burbach,Ulf Darsow,Stephen K Durham,Wytske Fokkens,Mark Gjomarkaj,Tari Haahtela,Ana Todo Bom,Stefan Wöhrl,Howard I. Maibach,Richard F. Lockey +13 more
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This manuscript reviews the available evidence and recommends the appropriate use of specific allergen extracts, positive and negative controls, and standard panels for different geographic locations to permit better comparisons for diagnostic, clinical and research purposes.Abstract:
Skin prick testing is an essential test procedure to confirm sensitization in IgE-mediated allergic disease in subjects with rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, urticaria, anapylaxis, atopic eczema and food and drug allergy. This manuscript reviews the available evidence including Medline and Embase searches, abstracts of international allergy meetings and position papers from the world allergy literature. The recommended method of prick testing includes the appropriate use of specific allergen extracts, positive and negative controls, interpretation of the tests after 15 – 20 minutes of application, with a positive result defined as a wheal ≥3 mm diameter. A standard prick test panel for Europe for inhalants is proposed and includes hazel (Corylus avellana), alder (Alnus incana), birch (Betula alba), plane (Platanus vulgaris), cypress (Cupressus sempervirens), grass mix (Poa pratensis, Dactilis glomerata, Lolium perenne, Phleum pratense, Festuca pratensis, Helictotrichon pretense), Olive (Olea europaea), mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris), ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), Alternaria alternata (tenuis), Cladosporium herbarum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Parietaria, cat, dog, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, and cockroach (Blatella germanica). Standardization of the skin test procedures and standard panels for different geographic locations are encouraged worldwide to permit better comparisons for diagnostic, clinical and research purposes.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Anaphylaxis: guidelines from the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Antonella Muraro,Graham Roberts,Margitta Worm,M. B. Bilò,Knut Brockow,M. Fernandez Rivas,Alexandra F. Santos,Zaraquiza Zolkipli,Abdelouahab Bellou,Kirsten Beyer,Carsten Bindslev-Jensen,Victoria Cardona,Andrew Clark,Pascal Demoly,A. E. J. Dubois,Audrey DunnGalvin,Philippe Eigenmann,Susanne Halken,L. Harada,Gideon Lack,Gideon Lack,Marek Jutel,Bodo Niggemann,Franziska Ruëff,Frans Timmermans,Berber Vlieg-Boerstra,Thomas Werfel,S. Dhami,S. S. Panesar,Cezmi A. Akdis,Cezmi A. Akdis,Aziz Sheikh +31 more
TL;DR: These guidelines aim to provide evidence‐based recommendations for the recognition, risk factor assessment, and the management of patients who are at risk of, are experiencing, or have experienced anaphylaxis, and to prevent future episodes by developing personalized risk reduction strategies including, where possible, commencing allergen immunotherapy.
Journal ArticleDOI
EAACI Molecular Allergology User's Guide.
Paolo Maria Matricardi,Jörg Kleine-Tebbe,Hans Jürgen Hoffmann,Rudolf Valenta,Christiane Hilger,Stephanie Hofmaier,Rob C. Aalberse,Ioana Agache,Riccardo Asero,Barbara Ballmer-Weber,Domingo Barber,Kirsten Beyer,Tilo Biedermann,M. B. Bilò,Simon Blank,Barbara Bohle,Philipp P. Bosshard,Heimo Breiteneder,Helen A. Brough,Luis Caraballo,J-C Caubet,Reto Crameri,Janet M. Davies,Nikolaos Douladiris,M. Ebisawa,Philippe Eigenmann,Montserrat Fernandez-Rivas,Fatima Ferreira,Gabriele Gadermaier,Martin Glatz,Robert G. Hamilton,Thomas Hawranek,P W Hellings,Karin Hoffmann-Sommergruber,Thilo Jakob,Uta Jappe,Marek Jutel,Sandip D. Kamath,Edward F. Knol,Peter Korošec,Annette Kuehn,Gideon Lack,Gideon Lack,Andreas L. Lopata,Mika J. Mäkelä,Martine Morisset,Verena Niederberger,Anna Nowak-Wegrzyn,Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos,Elide A. Pastorello,Gabrielle Pauli,Thomas A.E. Platts-Mills,Daniela Posa,Lars K. Poulsen,Monika Raulf,Joaquín Sastre,Enrico Scala,Johannes Schmid,Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier,M. van Hage,R. van Ree,Stefan Vieths,Richard W. Weber,Magnus Wickman,Antonella Muraro,Markus Ollert +65 more
TL;DR: The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) Molecular Allergology User's Guide (MAUG) as mentioned in this paper provides comprehensive information on important allergens and describes the diagnostic options using component-resolved diagnosis (CRD).
Journal ArticleDOI
International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis.
Sarah K. Wise,Sandra Y. Lin,Elina Toskala,Richard R. Orlandi,Cezmi A. Akdis,Jeremiah A. Alt,Antoine Azar,Fuad M. Baroody,Claus Bachert,G. Walter Canonica,Thomas Chacko,Cemal Cingi,Giorgio Ciprandi,Jacquelynne P. Corey,Linda Cox,Peter S. Creticos,Adnan Custovic,Cecelia Damask,Adam S. DeConde,John M. DelGaudio,Charles S. Ebert,Jean Anderson Eloy,Carrie E. Flanagan,Wytske Fokkens,Christine B. Franzese,Jan Gosepath,Ashleigh A. Halderman,Robert G. Hamilton,Hans Jürgen Hoffman,Jens M. Hohlfeld,Steven M. Houser,Peter H. Hwang,Cristoforo Incorvaia,Deborah Jarvis,Ayesha N. Khalid,Maritta Kilpeläinen,Todd T. Kingdom,Helene J. Krouse,Désirée Larenas-Linnemann,Adrienne M. Laury,Stella E. Lee,Joshua M. Levy,Amber U Luong,Bradley F. Marple,Edward D. McCoul,K. Christopher McMains,Erik Melén,James W. Mims,Gianna Moscato,Joaquim Mullol,Harold S. Nelson,Monica O. Patadia,Ruby Pawankar,Oliver Pfaar,Michael P. Platt,William R. Reisacher,Carmen Rondon,Luke Rudmik,Matthew W. Ryan,Joaquín Sastre,Rodney J. Schlosser,Russell A Settipane,Hemant Sharma,Aziz Sheikh,Timothy L. Smith,Pongsakorn Tantilipikorn,Jody R. Tversky,Maria C Veling,De Yun Wang,Marit Westman,Magnus Wickman,Mark A. Zacharek +71 more
TL;DR: To evaluate the existing AR literature, international multidisciplinary experts with an interest in AR have produced the International Consensus statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis (ICAR:AR).
Journal ArticleDOI
International consensus on (ICON) anaphylaxis
F. Estelle R. Simons,Ledit R.F. Ardusso,M. Beatrice Bilò,Victoria Cardona,Motohiro Ebisawa,Yehia El-Gamal,Phil Lieberman,Richard F. Lockey,Antonella Muraro,Graham Roberts,Mario Sánchez-Borges,Aziz Sheikh,Lynette Pei-Chi Shek,Dana Wallace,Margitta Worm +14 more
TL;DR: These guidelines concur about prompt initial treatment with intramuscular injection of epinephrine (adrenaline) in the mid-outer thigh, positioning the patient supine, calling for help, and when indicated, providing supplemental oxygen, intravenous fluid resuscitation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Journal ArticleDOI
IgE allergy diagnostics and other relevant tests in allergy, a World Allergy Organization position paper.
Ignacio J. Ansotegui,Giovanni Melioli,Giorgio Walter Canonica,Luis Caraballo,Elisa Villa,Motohiro Ebisawa,Giovanni Passalacqua,Eleonora Savi,Didier G. Ebo,R. Maximiliano Gómez,Olga Sánchez,John Oppenheimer,Erika Jensen-Jarolim,David A. Fischer,Tari Haahtela,Martti Anton Antila,Jean Bousquet,Victoria Cardona,Wen Chin Chiang,Pascal Demoly,Pascal Demoly,Lawrence M. DuBuske,Marta Ferrer Puga,Roy Gerth van Wijk,Sandra Nora González Díaz,Alexei Gonzalez-Estrada,Edgardo Jares,Ayse Fusun Kalpaklioglu,Luciana Kase Tanno,Marek L. Kowalski,Dennis K. Ledford,Olga Patricia Monge Ortega,Mario Morais Almeida,Oliver Pfaar,Lars K. Poulsen,Ruby Pawankar,Harald Renz,Antonino Romano,Nelson Augusto Rosário Filho,Lanny J. Rosenwasser,Mario Sanchez Borges,Enrico Scala,Gianenrico Senna,Juan Carlos Sisul,Mimi L.K. Tang,Bernard Yu-Hor Thong,Rudolf Valenta,Rudolf Valenta,Robert A. Wood,Torsten Zuberbier +49 more
TL;DR: A thorough and updated critical appraisal of the most frequently used diagnostic tests, both in vivo and in vitro, and discusses skin tests, challenges, and serological and cellular in vitro tests, and provides an overview of indications, advantages and disadvantages of each in conditions such as respiratory, food, venom, drug, and occupational allergy.
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Middleton's Allergy: Principles and Practice
TL;DR: This new edition includes 700 full-color illustrations and a new, more accessible format to make finding information a snap for the busy practitioner and online access to the complete contents of the 2-volume set, fully searchable, and much more.
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Allergy diagnostic testing: An updated practice parameter
I. Leonard Bernstein,James T. Li,David I. Bernstein,Robert G. Hamilton,Sheldon L. Spector,Ricardo A. Tan,Scott H. Sicherer,David B.K. Golden,David A. Khan,Richard A. Nicklas,Jay M. Portnoy,Joann Blessing-Moore,Linda Cox,David M. Lang,John Oppenheimer,Christopher Randolph,Diane E. Schuller,Stephen A. Tilles,Dana Wallace,Estelle Levetin,Richard W. Weber +20 more
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The Rational Clinical Examination
TL;DR: To the Editor, an 82-year-old woman with a 1-month history of right leg swelling and three separate episodes of pleuritic chest pain, found to have râles medial to her left scapula without audible rub is presented.
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Rhinitis and onset of asthma: a longitudinal population-based study
Rafea Shaaban,Mahmoud Zureik,D. Soussan,Catherine Neukirch,Joachim Heinrich,Jordi Sunyer,Matthias Wjst,Isa Cerveri,Isabelle Pin,Jean Bousquet,Deborah Jarvis,Peter Burney,Françoise Neukirch,Bénédicte Leynaert +13 more
TL;DR: Rhinitis, even in the absence of atopy, is a powerful predictor of adult-onset asthma.
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Fatalities from immunotherapy (IT) and skin testing (ST)
Richard F. Lockey,Richard F. Lockey,Richard F. Lockey,Linda M. Benedict,Linda M. Benedict,Linda M. Benedict,Paul C. Turkeltaub,Paul C. Turkeltaub,Paul C. Turkeltaub,Samuel C. Bukantz,Samuel C. Bukantz,Samuel C. Bukantz +11 more
TL;DR: The Committee on Allergen Standardization of the American Academy of Allergy and Immunology obtained information about 46 fatalities that had occurred during immunotherapy (IT) or skin testing (ST) since 1945, finding the risk of a fatal reaction is low and may be lessened even further as additional precautions are taken.
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