The social model of disability: dichotomy between impairment and disability.
01 Aug 2013-Journal of Medicine and Philosophy (Oxford University Press)-Vol. 38, Iss: 4, pp 441-459
TL;DR: People will benefit most by recognizing both the biological and the social dimensions of disabilities, and consequences of denying biological and mental realities involving disabilities are discussed.
Abstract: The rhetoric of the social model of disability is presented, and its basic claims are critiqued Proponents of the social model use the distinction between impairment and disability to reduce disabilities to a single social dimension-social oppression They downplay the role of biological and mental conditions in the lives of disabled people Consequences of denying biological and mental realities involving disabilities are discussed People will benefit most by recognizing both the biological and the social dimensions of disabilities
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21 May 2014
TL;DR: A focus on anything other than instruction undercuts the legal and moral rights of students with disabilities to an appropriate education and fails to produce substantive social justice as discussed by the authors, which is the opposite of our approach.
Abstract: A focus on anything other than instruction undercuts the legal and moral rights of students with disabilities to an appropriate education and fails to produce substantive social justice. D...
99 citations
Book•
01 Aug 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors use the cultural model of disability as a theoretical basis for reading the New Testament gospels and argue that ancient authors use disability as the means of understanding, organizing, and interpreting the experiences of humanity.
Abstract: Theoretical thesis.%%%%%%%%Bibliography: pages 341-408.%%%%Chapter One. Introduction – Chapter Two. Disability methodology – Chapter Three. Landscape of disability : the Greco-Roman world – Chapter Four. The landscape of disability : the Hebrew Bible and Second Temple Judaism – Chapter Five. Banqueting and disability in the ancient world : reconsidering the parable of the great banquet (Luke 14:15-24) – Chapter Six. The woman with the flow of blood (Mark 5:25-34) : an example of a ‘disabled’ woman in antiquity – Chapter Seven. Physical and sensory disability in the Gospel of John : an exegesis of John 5:1-18 and 9:1-41 – Chapter Eight. Conclusion.%%%%The New Testament gospels feature numerous social exchanges between Jesus and people with various physical and sensory disability. Yet, traditional biblical scholarship has considered these exchanges as merely incidental. For many scholars addressing the gospels, people with disability described therein have not been considered agents in their own right but exist only to highlight the actions of Jesus as a miracle worker. The aim of this study is to use disability as a lens through which to explore a number of these passages anew. Although these pericopae have been examined at length by numerous scholars, they have rarely been figured specifically in relation to disability. Using the cultural model of disability as the theoretical basis for this examination, we contend that ancient authors use disability as a means of understanding, organising, and interpreting the experiences of humanity. In much the same way that different cultures have their own unique interpretations and expectations of the body based on gender, ethnicity, or sexuality, so it is also the case with human ability/disability. In this way, every body, whether deemed able-bodied or ‘deviant’, is assigned meaning within the context of its own social, cultural, and religious milieu. This study examines both the Greco-Roman and Jewish background of the gospels prior to assessing the New Testament gospels themselves through three case studies, each addressing different aspects of human ability/disability within the framework of Jesus’ ministry. These investigations highlight the ways in which the gospel writers reinforce and reflect, as well as subvert, culturally-driven constructions of disability in the ancient world. We contend that the use of disability as a tool for reading the New Testament will afford us the opportunity to evaluate the gospel material from a new and illuminating perspective and thus contribute to the growing field of disability and biblical studies.%%%%%%%%1 online resource (xvi, 408 pages) illustrations (some colour)
73 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between the long-standing social model of disability and the rapidly emerging human rights model is discussed, and the authors aim to reorient thinking about the relationship.
Abstract: This article aims to reorient thinking about the relationship between the long-standing social model of disability and the rapidly emerging human rights model. In particular, it contests the influe...
73 citations
01 Oct 2019
67 citations
21 May 2018
TL;DR: This research highlights the need to understand more fully the role that language plays in the development of memory, as well as the importance of awareness of language impairment in the early stages of aging.
Abstract: We are living in an exciting time, as people are living longer, more active lives. This is reshaping how we think about aging. Rather than viewing aging as a problem to be fixed (i.e., a deficit model of aging), many aging researchers are viewing aging as a developmental stage of life to be celebrated and supported, that is, “successful aging.” In this article, we embrace this approach and consider it in the context of assistive robot design in an aim to steer the conversation away from deficit models that have limited robot design possibilities. To explore an alternative design approach to the study of aging in human-robot interaction (HRI), we invited five aging researchers (three geriatricians, one gerontologist, and one epidemiologist) and nine older adults to participate in our research. In the study, participants illustrated their interpretations of aging and suggested potential assistive robots. We found that while all participants perceived the importance of potential disabilities due to aging, they considered potential disabilities as only one aspect of the experience of aging. They highlighted other key themes to consider in designing robots to support successful aging, such as older adults’ autonomy and resilience. We discuss these findings for the HRI community and call for “robots for successful aging.”
64 citations
References
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Book•
01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: Hacking as discussed by the authors examines the ways in which advanced research on new weapons influences not only the content but also the form of science, and comments on the culture wars in anthropology, in particular the spat between leading enthnographers over Hawaii and Captain Cook.
Abstract: Often lost in the debate over the validity of social construction is the question of what is being constructed. Particularly troublesome in this area is the status of the natural sciences, where there is conflict between biological and social approaches to mental illness, and in other areas. Ian Hacking looks at the issue of child abuse, and examines the ways in which advanced research on new weapons influences not the content but the form of science. In conclusion, Hacking comments on the "culture wars" in anthropology, in particular the spat between leading enthnographers over Hawaii and Captain Cook.
3,588 citations
Book•
13 Nov 1995
TL;DR: A wide-ranging collection of essays by Michael Oliver discusses recent and perennial issues - such as the fundamental principles of disability, citizenship and community care, social policy and welfare, education, rehabilitation, and the politics of new social movements.
Abstract: This wide-ranging collection of essays by Michael Oliver discusses recent and perennial issues - such as the fundamental principles of disability, citizenship and community care, social policy and welfare, education, rehabilitation, and the politics of new social movements and the international context.
2,615 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1990
TL;DR: In this article, disability definitions are defined: the politics of meaning, the Cultural Production of Impairment and Disability, Disability and the Rise of Capitalism, the Ideological Construction of Disability, the Structuring of Disabled Identities, and the Social Construction of the Disability Problem.
Abstract: Introduction - Disability Definitions: The Politics of Meaning - The Cultural Production of Impairment and Disability - Disability and the Rise of Capitalism - The Ideological Construction of Disability - The Structuring of Disabled Identities - The Social Construction of the Disability Problem - The Politics of Disablement: Existing Possibilities - The Politics of Disablement: New Social Movements - Postscript: The Wind is Blowing - Bibliography - Index
2,350 citations
Book•
16 Oct 2006
TL;DR: This book discusses the role of non-Disabled People in the World of Disability, as well ascritiquing the Social Model and the Social Relations of Disability.
Abstract: Over the last thirty years, the field of disability studies has emerged from the political activism of disabled people. In this challenging review of the field, leading disability academic and activist Tom Shakespeare argues that the social model theory has reached a dead end.
Drawing on a critical realist perspective, Shakespeare promotes a pluralist, engaged and nuanced approach to disability. Key topics discussed include:
dichotomies - the dangerous polarizations of medical model versus social model, impairment versus disability and disabled people versus non-disabled people
identity - the drawbacks of the disability movement's emphasis on identity politics
bioethics in disability - choices at the beginning and end of life and in the field of genetic and stem cell therapies
care and social relationships - questions of intimacy and friendship.
This stimulating and accessible book challenges orthodoxies in British disability studies, promoting a new conceptualization of disability and fresh research agenda. It is an invaluable resource for researchers and students in disability studies and sociology, as well as professionals, policy makers and activists.
1,420 citations
"The social model of disability: dic..." refers background in this paper
..., 1998), critical realistic approaches to disabilities (Williams, 1999; Shakespeare, 2006), and emergentist materialism and/ or scientific realism in general (Bunge, 1980, 1996, 2006)....
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TL;DR: Open questions remain about the domain-specificity of social cognition, about its overlap with emotion and with communication, and about the methods best suited for its investigation.
1,329 citations