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The Social System.
Ellsworth Faris,Talcott Parsons +1 more
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In the history of sociological theory, Talcott Parsons holds a very special place. as mentioned in this paper presents a major scientific and intellectual advance towards the theory of action first outlined in his earlier work.Abstract:
In the history of sociological theory, Talcott Parsons holds a very special place. His The Structure of Social Action (1937), was a pioneer work that has influenced many social scientists. The present work, The Social System, presents a major scientific and intellectual advance towards the theory of action first outlined in his earlier work.read more
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Culture in action: symbols and strategies*
TL;DR: For example, the authors argues that culture influences action not by providing the ultimate values toward which action is oriented, but by shaping a repertoire or "tool kit" of habits, skills, and styles from which people construct "strategies of action."
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Boundary-Work and the Demarcation of Science from Non-Science: Strains and Interests in Professional Ideologies of Scientists
TL;DR: The demarcation of science from other intellectual activities is an analytic problem for philosophers and sociologists and is examined as a practical problem for scientists in this article, where a set of characteristics available for ideological attribution to science reflect ambivalences or strains within the institution: science can be made to look empirical or theoretical, pure or applied.
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Toward A Universal Psychological Structure of Human Values
TL;DR: The authors constructed a theory of the universal types of values as criteria by viewing values as cognitive representations of three universal requirements: (a) biological needs, (b) interactional requirements for interpersonal coordination, and (c) societal demands for group welfare and survival.
Journal ArticleDOI
Institutional Sources of Change in the Formal Structure of Organizations: The Diffusion of Civil Service Reform, 1880-1935
TL;DR: This paper investigated the diffusion and institutionalization of change in formal organization structure, using data on the adoption of civil service reform by cities and found that when civil service procedures are required by the state, they diffuse rapidly and directly from the state to each city.
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Emotional Labor in Service Roles: The Influence of Identity
TL;DR: The authors argue that emotional labor may facilitate task effectiveness and self-expression, but it also may prime customer expectations that cannot be met and may trigger emotive dissonance and selfalienation.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Functional Prerequisites of a Society
TL;DR: The functional prerequisites of a society are the things that must get done in any society if it is to continue as a going concern, i.e., the generalized conditions necessary for the maintenance of the system concerned as mentioned in this paper.