The standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function in children and adolescents: report from the Standardisation Committee of the International Children's Continence Society.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors updated the terminology in the field of pediatric lower urinary tract function, taking into account changes in the adult sphere and new research results, and provided new definitions and a standardized terminology.
Abstract: Purpose: We updated the terminology in the field of pediatric lower urinary tract function. Materials and Methods: Discussions were held of the board of the International Children’s Continence Society and an extensive reviewing process was done involving all members of the International Children’s Continence Society as well as other experts in the field. Results and Conclusions: New definitions and a standardized terminology are provided, taking into account changes in the adult sphere and new research results.
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TL;DR: The present document serves as a stand‐alone terminology update reflecting refinement and current advancement of knowledge on pediatric LUT function.
Abstract: Purpose: We updated the terminology in the field of pediatric lower urinary tract function. Materials and Methods: Discussions were held in the board of the International Children's Continence Society and an extensive reviewing process was done involving all members of the International Children's Continence Society, the urology section of the American Academy of Pediatrics, the European Society of Pediatric Urology, as well as other experts in the field. Results and Conclusions: New definitions and a standardized terminology are provided, taking into account changes in the adult sphere and new research results.
845 citations
TL;DR: This systematic meta-analysis identified increasing frequency of urinary tract infection, increasing grade of vesicoureteral reflux and presence of bladder and bowel dysfunction as unique risk factors for renal cortical scarring.
474 citations
TL;DR: Enuresis in a child older than 5 years is not a trivial condition, and needs proper evaluation and treatment, and requires time but usually does not demand costly or invasive procedures.
303 citations
TL;DR: UI is clearly common, but accurate prevalence data have proven difficult to establish because of heterogeneity between studies in terms of methodologies, definitions of UI and populations considered; future research should use standardized, validated and more readily comparable methods.
290 citations
TL;DR: Because the comorbidity rate is high, screening for psychological symptoms is recommended for all children in all settings with enuresis and/ or daytime urinary and/or fecal incontinence.
228 citations
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TL;DR: The standardisation of terminology of lower urinary tract function: Report from the standardistation sub-committee of the International Continence Society.
Abstract: The standardisation of terminology of lower urinary tract function: Report from the standardistation sub-committee of the International Continence Society.
7,467 citations
TL;DR: The standardisation of terminology in lower urinary tract function: report from the standardisation sub-committee of the International ContinenceSociety.
4,293 citations
TL;DR: This report focuses on the most common urodynamics examinations; uroflowmetry, pressure recording during filling cystometry, and combined pressure–flow studies.
Abstract: This is the first report of the International Continence Society (ICS) on the development of comprehensive guidelines for Good Urodynamic Practice for the measurement, quality control, and documentation of urodynamic investigations in both clinical and research environments. This report focuses on the most common urodynamics examinations; uroflowmetry, pressure recording during filling cystometry, and combined pressure-flow studies. The basic aspects of good urodynamic practice are discussed and a strategy for urodynamic measurement, equipment set-up and configuration, signal testing, plausibility controls, pattern recognition, and artifact correction are proposed. The problems of data analysis are mentioned only when they are relevant in the judgment of data quality. In general, recommendations are made for one specific technique. This does not imply that this technique is the only one possible. Rather, it means that this technique is well-established, and gives good results when used with the suggested standards of good urodynamic practice.
1,544 citations
TL;DR: This is the first attempt at defining criteria for functional gastrointestinal disorders in infancy, childhood, and adolescence and it is suggested that clinicians refer to the criteria established for the adult population.
Abstract: This is the first attempt at defining criteria for functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in infancy, childhood, and adolescence. The decision-making process was as for adults and consisted of arriving at consensus, based on clinical experience. This paper is intended to be a quick reference. The classification system selected diVers from the one used in the adult population in that it is organized according to main complaints instead of being organ-targeted. Because the child is still developing, some disorders such as toddler’s diarrhea (or functional diarrhea) are linked to certain physiologic stages; others may result from behavioral responses to sphincter function acquisition such as fecal retention; others will only be recognizable after the child is cognitively mature enough to report the symptoms (e.g., dyspepsia). Infant regurgitation, rumination, and cyclic vomiting constitute the vomiting disorders. Abdominal pain disorders are classified as: functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional abdominal pain, abdominal migraine, and aerophagia. Disorders of defecation include: infant dyschezia, functional constipation, functional fecal retention, and functional nonretentive fecal soiling. Some disorders, such as IBS and dyspepsia and functional abdominal pain, are exact replications of the adult criteria because there are enough data to confirm that they represent specific and similar disorders in pediatrics. Other disorders not included in the pediatric classification, such as functional biliary disorders, do occur in children; however, existing data are insufficient to warrant including them at the present time. For these disorders, it is suggested that, for the time being, clinicians refer to the criteria established for the adult population. (Gut 1999;45(Suppl II):II60‐II68)
674 citations
TL;DR: This report has been endorsed by the Executive Council of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition and has been prepared as a general guideline to assist providers of medical care in the evaluation and treatment of constipation in children.
Abstract: Background Constipation, defined as a delay or difficulty in defecation, present for 2 or more weeks, is a common pediatric problem encountered by both primary and specialty medical providers. Methods The Constipation Subcommittee of the Clinical Guidelines Committee of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition has formulated clinical practice guidelines for the management of pediatric constipation. The Constipation Subcommittee, consisting of two primary care pediatricians, a clinical epidemiologist, and pediatric gastroenterologists, based its recommendations on an integration of a comprehensive and systematic review of the medical literature combined with expert opinion. Consensus was achieved through Nominal Group Technique, a structured quantitative method. Results The Subcommittee developed two algorithms to assist with medical management, one for older infants and children and the second for infants less than 1 year of age. The guidelines provide recommendations for management by the primary care provider, including evaluation, initial treatment, follow-up management, and indications for consultation by a specialist. The Constipation Subcommittee also provided recommendations for management by the pediatric gastroenterologist. Conclusions This report, which has been endorsed by the Executive Council of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, has been prepared as a general guideline to assist providers of medical care in the evaluation and treatment of constipation in children. It is not intended as a substitute for clinical judgment or as a protocol for the management of all patients with this problem.
423 citations