The statistical evaluation of design methods of the load-carrying capacity of flexural reinforced concrete elements strengthened with FRP
01 Jan 2015-Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering (No longer published by Elsevier)-Vol. 15, Iss: 1, pp 214-222
TL;DR: In this article, a statistical analysis of the design methods for calculating the load-carrying capacity of reinforced concrete elements in flexure strengthened with external FRP reinforcement is presented, and confidence intervals of the ratios of the experimental and calculated load carrying capacity are also calculated.
About: This article is published in Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering.The article was published on 2015-01-01. It has received 23 citations till now.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of various methods for augmenting the FRP anchorage to strengthened concrete structures in the service and failure modes were investigated, and the results of the experimental investigation of thirty-two beams were examined, as well as those of the steel clamp area and initial compression induced by the clamps.
Abstract: In the strengthening of reinforced concrete structures using fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP), the achievement of a strong bond between the FRP and the concrete is beneficial. However, studies have revealed that the bond is often unreliable under high loads, and a means of augmenting the anchorage of the FRP is required to strengthen its bonding with the concrete. In the present study, the effects of various methods for augmenting the FRP anchorage to strengthened concrete structures in the service and failure modes were investigated. This paper presents the results of the experimental investigation of thirty-two beams. The effects of using steel pins, steel clamps, and FRP wraps on the strength of the beams were examined, as well as those of the steel clamp area and the initial compression induced by the clamps. It was found that the strengthening effect and failure mode varied with the adopted FRP anchorage augmentation method. An analysis of the experimental results revealed that the most effective anchorage augmentation method was the use of steel clamps. The application of an initial compression by the clamps was also determined to be beneficial. The highest strength was achieved using a steel clamp of area 50 cm2 and an initial compression of 1 MPa.
48 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of load frequency and amplitude of cyclic load to ultimate strength of BFRP and the number of cycles to degradation of modulus of the elasticity were investigated, respectively.
24 citations
TL;DR: In recent days, many structures are strengthened with fiber-reinforced polymer to make use of the existing reinforced concrete structures to the current needs as discussed by the authors, although investigations on the behavi...
Abstract: In recent days, many structures are strengthened with fiber-reinforced polymer to make use of the existing reinforced concrete structures to the current needs. Although investigations on the behavi...
24 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the performance of concrete beams reinforced with steel-FRP composite bar (SFCB) and showed that SFCB/hybrid reinforced specimens exhibited improved stiffness, reduced crack width and larger bending capacity compared with FRP-reinforced specimen.
22 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the shear resistance of the beams reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymer stirrups and provided theoretical analysis of the existing shear resistances.
Abstract: This article is aimed to investigate the shear resistance of the beams reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymer stirrups. Together with theoretical analysis of the existing shear resistance provisi...
17 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, a new statistical procedure for testing a complete sample for normality is introduced, which is obtained by dividing the square of an appropriate linear combination of the sample order statistics by the usual symmetric estimate of variance.
Abstract: The main intent of this paper is to introduce a new statistical procedure for testing a complete sample for normality. The test statistic is obtained by dividing the square of an appropriate linear combination of the sample order statistics by the usual symmetric estimate of variance. This ratio is both scale and origin invariant and hence the statistic is appropriate for a test of the composite hypothesis of normality. Testing for distributional assumptions in general and for normality in particular has been a major area of continuing statistical research-both theoretically and practically. A possible cause of such sustained interest is that many statistical procedures have been derived based on particular distributional assumptions-especially that of normality. Although in many cases the techniques are more robust than the assumptions underlying them, still a knowledge that the underlying assumption is incorrect may temper the use and application of the methods. Moreover, the study of a body of data with the stimulus of a distributional test may encourage consideration of, for example, normalizing transformations and the use of alternate methods such as distribution-free techniques, as well as detection of gross peculiarities such as outliers or errors. The test procedure developed in this paper is defined and some of its analytical properties described in ? 2. Operational information and tables useful in employing the test are detailed in ? 3 (which may be read independently of the rest of the paper). Some examples are given in ? 4. Section 5 consists of an extract from an empirical sampling study of the comparison of the effectiveness of various alternative tests. Discussion and concluding remarks are given in ?6. 2. THE W TEST FOR NORMALITY (COMPLETE SAMPLES) 2 1. Motivation and early work This study was initiated, in part, in an attempt to summarize formally certain indications of probability plots. In particular, could one condense departures from statistical linearity of probability plots into one or a few 'degrees of freedom' in the manner of the application of analysis of variance in regression analysis? In a probability plot, one can consider the regression of the ordered observations on the expected values of the order statistics from a standardized version of the hypothesized distribution-the plot tending to be linear if the hypothesis is true. Hence a possible method of testing the distributional assumptionis by means of an analysis of variance type procedure. Using generalized least squares (the ordered variates are correlated) linear and higher-order
16,906 citations
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20 Mar 1996TL;DR: Montgomery and Runger's Engineering Statistics text as discussed by the authors provides a practical approach oriented to engineering as well as chemical and physical sciences by providing unique problem sets that reflect realistic situations, students learn how the material will be relevant in their careers.
Abstract: Montgomery and Runger's bestselling engineering statistics text provides a practical approach oriented to engineering as well as chemical and physical sciences. By providing unique problem sets that reflect realistic situations, students learn how the material will be relevant in their careers. With a focus on how statistical tools are integrated into the engineering problem-solving process, all major aspects of engineering statistics are covered. Developed with sponsorship from the National Science Foundation, this text incorporates many insights from the authors' teaching experience along with feedback from numerous adopters of previous editions.
3,915 citations
01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: The Emerging Technology Series as mentioned in this paper is a series of information and recommendations based on available test data, technical reports, limited experience with field applications, and the opinions of committee members, with a focus on the development and appropriate use of new and emerging technologies.
Abstract: *Co-chairs of the subcommittee that prepared this document. Note: The committee acknowledges the contribution of associate member Paul Kelley. ACI encourages the development and appropriate use of new and emerging technologies through the publication of the Emerging Technology Series. This series presents information and recommendations based on available test data, technical reports, limited experience with field applications, and the opinions of committee members. The presented information and recommendations, and their basis, may be less fully developed and tested than those for more mature technologies. This report identifies areas in which information is believed to be less fully developed, and describes research needs. The professional using this document should understand the limitations of this document and exercise judgment as to the appropriate application of this emerging technology.
2,963 citations
18 Apr 2005
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report on the key features of the "Guiding and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengthening Concrete Structures" issued by the American Concrete Institute (ACI).
Abstract: This paper reports on the key features of the “Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengthening Concrete Structures” issued by the American Concrete Institute (ACI). Fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) systems have emerged as an alternative to traditional materials and techniques for the strengthening of existing concrete structures to resist higher design loads, correct deterioration-related damage, design or construction error, or increase ductility. Structural elements strengthened with externally bonded FRP systems include beams, slabs, columns, walls, joints/connections, chimneys and smokestacks, vaults, domes, tunnels, silos, pipes, and trusses. Externally bonded FRP systems have also been used to strengthen masonry, timber, steel, and cast-iron structures.
1,293 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the structural behavior of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with adhesively bonded fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) is presented, and it is suggested that the detachment of bonded external plates from the concrete, at ultimate loads, is governed by a limiting principal stress value at the concrete/external plate interface.
Abstract: The structural behavior of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with adhesively bonded fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) is presented. The experimental work included flexural testing of 2.3-m-long concrete beams with bonded external reinforcements. The test variables included the amount of conventional (internal) reinforcement and also the type and amount of external reinforcement. For comparison, some of the beams were strengthened with bonded steel plates. Theoretical analyses included 2D nonlinear finite-element modeling incorporating a “damage” material model for concrete. In general there were reasonably good correlations between the experimental results and nonlinear finite-element models. It is suggested that the detachment of bonded external plates from the concrete, at ultimate loads, is governed by a limiting principal stress value at the concrete/external plate interface.
358 citations