Journal Article•
The study on heat island effect in Beijing during last 40 years
TL;DR: The results show that the difference of mean daily temperature between city and suburb is the largest on 24 December in 1995 during the last 4 0 years, and an obvious 12 years cycle of mean annual temperature is found.
Abstract: Variations of mean temperature in Beijing city are ana ly zed in this paper.The results show that the difference of mean daily temperature between city and suburb is the largest on 24 December in 1995 during the last 4 0 years,and the mean daily temperature in the city is 4.6℃ higher than that in the suburb;the difference of temperature between the city and the suburb is the utmost in winter season and the mean seasonal temperature in the city is 1.11℃ higher than that in the suburb,while the difference is the least in spring seaso n,and the temperature in the city is 0.26℃ higher than that in the suburb;for t he inter-annual variability of temperature,the difference of temperature is lit tle from 1961 to 1977,while the difference is great from 1978 to 2000,and the te mperature in the city is 0.62℃ higher than that in the suburb,so the heat islan d effect is reinforced from 1978 to 2000;the difference of temperature is the le ast in 1960's,and the temperature in the city is 0.13℃ higher than that in the suburb,whereas the difference is the maximal in 1990's,and the temperature in th e city is 0.78℃ higher than that in the suburb;the number of high temperature d ays(≥35℃)is going up obviously in recent years,but the highest temperature is not changed greatly,and the highest temperature is higher than 38℃ only in 1997 ,1999 and 2000. The mean annual temperature is increasing apparently during the last 40 years,and it is increasing by 0.43℃/10ɑ in the city and 0.21℃/10ɑ in the suburb,an obvious 12 years cycle of mean annual temperature is found.
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TL;DR: An examination of summer mortality rates in and around Shanghai yields heightened heat-related mortality in urban regions, and it is concluded that the UHI is directly responsible, acting to worsen the adverse health effects from exposure to extreme thermal conditions.
Abstract: With global warming forecast to continue into the foreseeable future, heat waves are very likely to increase in both frequency and intensity. In urban regions, these future heat waves will be exacerbated by the urban heat island effect, and will have the potential to negatively influence the health and welfare of urban residents. In order to investigate the health effects of the urban heat island (UHI) in Shanghai, China, 30 years of meteorological records (1975-2004) were examined for 11 first- and second-order weather stations in and around Shanghai. Additionally, automatic weather observation data recorded in recent years as well as daily all-cause summer mortality counts in 11 urban, suburban, and exurban regions (1998-2004) in Shanghai have been used. The results show that different sites (city center or surroundings) have experienced different degrees of warming as a result of increasing urbanization. In turn, this has resulted in a more extensive urban heat island effect, causing additional hot days and heat waves in urban regions compared to rural locales. An examination of summer mortality rates in and around Shanghai yields heightened heat-related mortality in urban regions, and we conclude that the UHI is directly responsible, acting to worsen the adverse health effects from exposure to extreme thermal conditions.
782 citations
TL;DR: Although anthropogenic light sources appear to advance the onset of LH secretion in urban tree sparrow populations, they also lower peak LH, and consequently levels of T and E2, according to a linear mixed model (LMM).
25 citations
Cites background from "The study on heat island effect in ..."
...In addition to anthropogenic light sources, temperature is another environmental factor that can differ between urban and rural habitats due to the ‘‘heat island effect’’ (Song and Zhang, 2003)....
[...]
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the influence of urban land use and ground cover on the microclimate of Beijing, monitoring and analyzing urban growth patterns and evaluating their impacts on land surface temperature (LST).
Abstract: The urban air temperature is gradually rising in all cities in the world. Records of the past years showed that the climate of built-up regions differs significantly from rural regions. One of the most obvious and important modifying effects of urbanization on local climate is the urban heat island (UHI). In order to clarify the spatial distribution of urban thermal field and to evaluate the urban environment quality synthetically, 5 sites including Xidan, the commercial centre of Beijing district; Mudanyuan, the residential areas; Kunming Lake in Summer Palace, the water body; Chaoyang Park, the urban green space; and Wenquan Village, the suburb of Beijing, were investigated from December 2007 to August 2008. The meteorological factors of temperature and humidity of underlying surfaces in these 5 sites were monitored simultaneously in 10 hours period. The results indicate that the temperatures of underlying surfaces in different sampled landscapes were in the order of suburb
19 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors analyzed the effects of three types of factors (surface biophysical parameters, building form, and landscape metrics) on land surface temperature (LST) in UFZs.
Abstract: Urban functional zone (UFZ) comprises the basic unit of urban planning, with various production activities. Understanding the landscape heterogeneity in UFZs may be a way to mitigate urban heat island (UHI). The region within fifth ring road in Beijing is selected as the study area. Six common UFZ types were selected to understand the effects of three types of factors (surface biophysical parameters, building form, and landscape metrics) on land surface temperature (LST). A one-way analysis of variance and geographical detector were used to express spatial heterogeneity and key influencing factors of LST in UFZ, respectively. The results indicate the following: (1) the UFZ types, in order from highest to lowest LST, are industrial, commercial, public service, government, high-density residential, and recreational zones. The LST of industrial and recreational zones are significantly different from other zones, but other four types of UFZ exhibited similar thermal conditions. (2) The key influencing factors of LST in UFZs differ. Surface biophysical parameters have a significant effect on all UFZs. Building form in areas of high building height and density, such as commercial and high-density residential zones, should be the focus of UHI mitigation, whereas optimizing land cover composition and spatial configuration in other UFZs is more likely to alleviate LST. In addition, the LST is determined not only by the UFZ type and internal structure, but also by the complexity and diversity. Identifying UHI mitigation sensitivity metrics within UFZ will help improve the thermal environment of urban areas and provide strategies for resisting UHI.
19 citations
Cites result from "The study on heat island effect in ..."
...2019; Song and Zhang 2003; Yao et al....
[...]
...Previous studies have also shown that the LST in this region was significantly higher than that in the other regions of Beijing, and a strong spatial heterogeneity exists (Kuang et al. 2015; Peng et al. 2016; Qiao et al. 2019; Song and Zhang 2003; Yao et al. 2019)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare the differences in surface air temperature (SAT) between observational that has been adjusted for urbanization bias and reanalysis data (NCEPV1, N CEPV2, ERA5, CFSR, MERRA, JRA55, 20CRV3 and CRA40) over mainland China during 1961-2015.
13 citations
References
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TL;DR: An examination of summer mortality rates in and around Shanghai yields heightened heat-related mortality in urban regions, and it is concluded that the UHI is directly responsible, acting to worsen the adverse health effects from exposure to extreme thermal conditions.
Abstract: With global warming forecast to continue into the foreseeable future, heat waves are very likely to increase in both frequency and intensity. In urban regions, these future heat waves will be exacerbated by the urban heat island effect, and will have the potential to negatively influence the health and welfare of urban residents. In order to investigate the health effects of the urban heat island (UHI) in Shanghai, China, 30 years of meteorological records (1975-2004) were examined for 11 first- and second-order weather stations in and around Shanghai. Additionally, automatic weather observation data recorded in recent years as well as daily all-cause summer mortality counts in 11 urban, suburban, and exurban regions (1998-2004) in Shanghai have been used. The results show that different sites (city center or surroundings) have experienced different degrees of warming as a result of increasing urbanization. In turn, this has resulted in a more extensive urban heat island effect, causing additional hot days and heat waves in urban regions compared to rural locales. An examination of summer mortality rates in and around Shanghai yields heightened heat-related mortality in urban regions, and we conclude that the UHI is directly responsible, acting to worsen the adverse health effects from exposure to extreme thermal conditions.
782 citations
TL;DR: Although anthropogenic light sources appear to advance the onset of LH secretion in urban tree sparrow populations, they also lower peak LH, and consequently levels of T and E2, according to a linear mixed model (LMM).
25 citations
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the influence of urban land use and ground cover on the microclimate of Beijing, monitoring and analyzing urban growth patterns and evaluating their impacts on land surface temperature (LST).
Abstract: The urban air temperature is gradually rising in all cities in the world. Records of the past years showed that the climate of built-up regions differs significantly from rural regions. One of the most obvious and important modifying effects of urbanization on local climate is the urban heat island (UHI). In order to clarify the spatial distribution of urban thermal field and to evaluate the urban environment quality synthetically, 5 sites including Xidan, the commercial centre of Beijing district; Mudanyuan, the residential areas; Kunming Lake in Summer Palace, the water body; Chaoyang Park, the urban green space; and Wenquan Village, the suburb of Beijing, were investigated from December 2007 to August 2008. The meteorological factors of temperature and humidity of underlying surfaces in these 5 sites were monitored simultaneously in 10 hours period. The results indicate that the temperatures of underlying surfaces in different sampled landscapes were in the order of suburb
19 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors analyzed the effects of three types of factors (surface biophysical parameters, building form, and landscape metrics) on land surface temperature (LST) in UFZs.
Abstract: Urban functional zone (UFZ) comprises the basic unit of urban planning, with various production activities. Understanding the landscape heterogeneity in UFZs may be a way to mitigate urban heat island (UHI). The region within fifth ring road in Beijing is selected as the study area. Six common UFZ types were selected to understand the effects of three types of factors (surface biophysical parameters, building form, and landscape metrics) on land surface temperature (LST). A one-way analysis of variance and geographical detector were used to express spatial heterogeneity and key influencing factors of LST in UFZ, respectively. The results indicate the following: (1) the UFZ types, in order from highest to lowest LST, are industrial, commercial, public service, government, high-density residential, and recreational zones. The LST of industrial and recreational zones are significantly different from other zones, but other four types of UFZ exhibited similar thermal conditions. (2) The key influencing factors of LST in UFZs differ. Surface biophysical parameters have a significant effect on all UFZs. Building form in areas of high building height and density, such as commercial and high-density residential zones, should be the focus of UHI mitigation, whereas optimizing land cover composition and spatial configuration in other UFZs is more likely to alleviate LST. In addition, the LST is determined not only by the UFZ type and internal structure, but also by the complexity and diversity. Identifying UHI mitigation sensitivity metrics within UFZ will help improve the thermal environment of urban areas and provide strategies for resisting UHI.
19 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare the differences in surface air temperature (SAT) between observational that has been adjusted for urbanization bias and reanalysis data (NCEPV1, N CEPV2, ERA5, CFSR, MERRA, JRA55, 20CRV3 and CRA40) over mainland China during 1961-2015.
13 citations